Term
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Definition
| Comes in solid or liquid, supports growth of microorganisms, provides nutrient requirements for bacteria; available as a dehydrated powder to prepare yourself or ready-to-use agar plates |
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Term
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Definition
1. Peptones
2. Salts
3. Dextrose
4. Water
5. Meat Extract
6. Solidifying Agent |
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Definition
| Principal nutrient of media; proteins that are readily metabolized by bacteria, provides amino acids and nitrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| adjusts the osmotic pressure, isotonic for the bacterial cell |
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Definition
| Dextro glucose, source of energy and carbon |
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Definition
| added to provide food material in a soluble form, use distilled water for uniformity |
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Definition
| Provides water soluble carbs, nitrogen, and vitamins |
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Definition
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Definition
| Dried extract of sea algae, keeps solid in warmer temps, non-nutrient, not attacked by bacteria |
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Definition
| Animal tissue protein, bacteria attack and liquefy, melts at incubator temps |
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Definition
| meets requirements of the most fastidious pathogens (chocolate agar, blood agar) |
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Term
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Definition
| contains antibacterial substances that inhibit or kill all but a few types of bacteria, facilitates the isolation of a particular genus of bacteria from a mixed colony (MacConkey agar, brilliant green agar) |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria can be differentiated into groups due to biochemical reaction on the media (Simmons citrate) |
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Term
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Definition
| liquid media, favors growth of a particular group of organisms, may contain inhibitory substances that suppress competitors (tetrathionate broth, selenite broth) |
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Term
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Definition
| prepared from pure chemical substances, exact chemical composition is known, used for experimental work (Koser citrate broth) |
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Term
| Trypticase soy agar (TSA) |
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Definition
| General use agar,colorless, enriched media, used for practicing streaking technique, observe different colony morphology, perform catalase test, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enriched media, supports growth of both Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria, sheep blood most commonly used to determine hemolytic action of bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
1. Alpha - green, partial hemolysis
2. Beta - Clear, complete hemolysis
3. Gamma - No change, no hemolysis
4. Delta - Double ring, hemolysis |
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Term
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Definition
| partial hemolysis, shows as a narrow band of greenish or slimy discoloration around bacterial colonies (Streptococcus pneumoniae) |
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Term
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Definition
| Complete hemolysis, creates a clear zone around the bacterial colony (Streptococcus pyogenes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces no change in the appearance of the media due to no hemolysis around colonies |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Selective media for Staphyloccoci, high salt concentration inhibits most other bacteria, contains phenol red pH indicator, won't grow gram (-) or Streptococcus |
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Term
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Definition
| Gives Mannitol salt agar its red color, in the presence of acid it turns yellow; Staphylococcus aureus ferments mannitol, releasing acid products and turning media yellow; Staphylococcus epidermidis does not ferment mannitol and leaves phenol red normal pink color |
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Term
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Definition
| Sugar in Mannitol salt agar, Staphylococcus aureus ferments; Staphylococcus epidermidis does not ferment |
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Term
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Definition
| performed on known gram positive cocci, distinguishes between Staphylococcus (positive) and Streptococcus (negative), tests for the enzyme catalase. Take a small colony from an agar (not blood agar) and place on a slide, add a drop of Hydrogen Peroxide. If it bubbles it is positive and is Staphylococcus; if no gas bubbles, it is negative and Streptococcus. |
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Term
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Definition
| bacterial enzyme that acts on hydrogen peroxide by producing water and oxygen, it is a bacterial defense mechanism and can break down harmful metabolites of aerobic respriation |
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Term
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Definition
| performed on known gram positives that are catalase positive (Staphylococcus), distingues between Staphylococcus species. A positive test indicates Staphylococcus aureus/intermedius; negative indicates Staphylococcus epidermidis/saprophyticus |
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Term
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Definition
| a bacterial enzyme that coagulates plasma as a defense, so the bacteria can coat themselves in host fibrin. Staphylococcus aureus and intermedius have this capability. |
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Term
| Two types of coagulase tests |
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Definition
Tube test - time consuming, but more accurate
Slide test - fast and easy, not as accurate |
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Term
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Definition
| The agent used in the coagulase test |
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Term
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Definition
| innoculate 0.5 ml of rabbit plasma with a loop full of the organisma from a non-inhibiting agar (such as blood agar), incubate and read hourly for 4 hours. If no clot forms, check in 24 hrs. If a clot forms it is positive. |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid screening test, detects surface bound coagulase or clumping factor which causes the plasma to clot. Take a loop of organisms and emulsify in a drop of sterile saline, add a drop of rabbit plasma. Stir with a sterile loop. If it clumps w/in 5-20 sec. it is positive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Common commensal organism of the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals. Usually non-pathogenic, but may invade tissues and cause pus-filled infections |
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Term
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Definition
| Deriving slight benefit without causing harm to the host. |
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Term
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Definition
| the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream |
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Definition
| Disease caused by the spread of bacteria and their toxins in the bloodstream |
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Definition
| The major factors in food poisoning in humans |
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Term
| 6 examples of infection caused by Staphylococcus |
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Definition
Pyoderma
Mastitis
Abcesses
Arthritis
Septicemia
UTI |
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Term
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Definition
| methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; a strain resistant to many commonly used antimicrobial drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| widely distributed in nature and as commensals on skin, mucous membranes of genetalia, upper respiratory, and digestive tracts. Both pathogenic and non-pathogenic forms exist. Produce toxins. |
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Term
| 7 examples of infection caused by Streptococcus |
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Definition
Strep throat - People
Bovine mastitis
Equine strangles
Genital infection in mares and cows
Naval infection causing arthritis in foals
Epididymitis in stallions
Wound infections of horses |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| caused by Streptococcus equi; submandibular swelling and abcesses, lymphnode infection, fever, anorexia, mucopurulent nasal dicharge, may infect guttural pouches, transmitted on foamites and other horses, vaccine available |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Streptococcus zooepidemicus |
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Definition
| causes genital infection in mares and cows, naval infection leading to arthritis in foals, epididymitis in stallions, and infects wounds on horses |
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Term
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Definition
| found in soil, dust, water, and air; part of normal skin flora, may be found in mouth, upper respiratory tract. Normally non-pathogenic. |
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Term
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Definition
| commensal organism in GI tract of mammals, normally non-pathogenic |
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Term
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Definition
| rod-shaped bacteria in soil, feces, genital secretions and moldy hay. Sometimes found in raw and processed food. Causes listeriosis in ruminants known as "circling disease." Is transmissible to people. Often is ingested in rotting vegetables and silage. |
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Term
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Definition
| associated with swine, found on mucous membranes, is transmitted through fomites and direct contact. |
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Term
| 3 forms of Erysipelothrix |
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Definition
Associated with swine:
Acute septicemia
On the skin - diamond skin dease of abdomen, ears, and snout
Endocarditis and arthritis |
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Term
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Definition
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus subtilis |
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Term
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Definition
| "Anthrax", cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary forms |
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Term
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Definition
| found in the soil, can cause food-born illness |
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Term
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Definition
| found in the soil, usually non-pathogenic |
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Term
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Definition
Clostridium chauvoei
Clostridium septicum
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium hemolyticum
Clostridium tetani |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| enterotoxemia, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in dogs |
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Definition
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Definition
| red water disease in cattle |
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