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Definition
| Outmost covering of many, but NOT ALL, bacteria, jelly-like, composed of carbohydrates and protein; protects against phagocytosis, promotes attachment to objects and each other; produces infectivity, prevents nutrient loss and dehydration, provides antigenicity (causes production of antibodies) |
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Definition
| has two layers (base, outside); gives rigidity and helps maintain shape and size |
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Term
| Cell Membrane/Cytoplasmic Membrane |
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Definition
| innermost layer, separates cytoplasm from cell wall, semipermeable, NO function in maintaining shape |
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Definition
| fluid in the cell, contains two areas (cytoplasmic area and nuclear area) |
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Definition
| contains ribosomes and storage granules |
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Definition
| no nuclear membrane, rich in DNA genetic information that determines production of protein |
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Definition
| invaginations of the cell membrane, increases surface area of cell membrane for secretion and cell division |
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Definition
| long, whip-like appendage, made of protein, not all bacteria have; used for locomotion/motility |
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Term
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Definition
| move toward or away from life |
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Definition
| move in response to chemicals |
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Term
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Definition
| monotrichous, lophotrichous, amphitrichous, peritrichous |
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Term
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Definition
A. monotrichous
B. lophotrichous
C. amphitrichous
D. peritrichous |
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Term
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Definition
| long, whip-like, hollow tubes; protrude through bacterial cell, mostly in gram (-), transfer DNA from one bacterium to another, adhesiveness is main function, do NOT function in motility |
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Term
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Definition
| circular, double-stranded, self-replicating unit of DNA; contains genes to transfer drug resistance - "R factor" |
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Term
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Definition
| a thick-walled, refractile body, able to withstand adverse environmental conditions for long periods, produced within the vegetative cells of certain bacteria, (ex. Bacillus & Clostridium) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| cylinder or rod (bacilli) |
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Term
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Definition
| usually occur singly - loose, tight, comma shaped |
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Term
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Definition
| shape ranges from cocci to rods |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Chinese letter pattern arrangement |
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Term
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Definition
| Coccus, bacillus, spiral, pleomorphic |
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Term
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Definition
| Single, pair/diplococcus, chain, cluster, tetrad, palisade |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbohydrates (glucose), protein, lipids, water, inorganic salts (P, S, Mg), trace minerals (Fe, Ca) |
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Term
| Four factors affecting bacterial growth |
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Definition
| Temperature, gas requirements, pH, osmotic pressure |
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Definition
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Definition
| most pathogenic bacteria (like body temp) |
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Definition
| heat-loving, may survive pasteurization |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| grow only in absence of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| grown in either absence or presence of bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| grow best in concentrations of oxygen that are lower than that of air |
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Term
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Definition
| method of bacterial reproduction where the cell increases in size, elongates, splits down the middle, and separates into two new cells; nuclear and cellular material are divided between the two; can happen in 15-30 min. |
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Term
| Four phases of bacterial reproduction |
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Definition
| lag phase, logarithmic phase, stationary phase, death/decline phase |
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Term
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Definition
| immediately after inoculation they need time to adjust to the medium, temp, environment, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| pop begins doubling at regular intervals, cell division greatly exceeds death rate, bacteria show most typical characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| as nutrients are exhausted the growth rate equals the death rate, they are most resistant during this phase |
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Term
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Definition
| the death rate exceeds the reproductive rate due to the depletion of nutrients and toxic products of metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| agar plate or broth tube contains only one type of bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| agar plate or broth tube contains more than one type of bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Punctiform, circular, filamentous, irregular, rhizoid, spindle |
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Term
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Definition
| Flat, raised, convex, pulvinate, umbonate |
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Definition
| Entire, undulate, lobate, erose, filamentous, curled |
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Definition
| raised in the center - like a belly-button |
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Definition
| irregularly irregularly indented |
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Term
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Definition
| surface membrane on the top of the broth w/ some bacterial cultures |
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Term
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Definition
| tested with a stab inoculation of an agar tube, you can see where the bacteria grow along the stab |
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Term
| Obligate (strict) Aerobes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| growth only in lower tube, at the bottom of the stab, away from surface |
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Term
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Definition
| growth on surface and the full length of the stab |
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Term
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Definition
| growth just below the surface |
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Term
| Five Gross Characteristic of Bacterial Colonies |
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Definition
| shape, margin, elevation, color, texture |
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