Term
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Definition
| Thymus, bone marrow, Bursa of Fabricius (birds) |
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Term
| Secondary lymphoid organs |
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Definition
| lymph nodes, spleen, lymphoid tissues such as Peyer's patch |
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Term
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Definition
| mature to plasma cells which secrete antibodies/immunoglobulins, precursors remain in bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| mediate cell-mediated immune reactions, precursors migrate to thymus, majority (2/3) of circulating lymphocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| divide rapidly once activated and secrete cytokines |
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Term
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Definition
| small proteins that regulate or assist the immune response, secreted by T-helper cells |
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Term
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Definition
| mediate killing of virus infected or tumor cells which are recognized by the body as foreign |
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Term
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Definition
| inactive clones of antigen-sensitized T cells, persist long term after an infection and multiply upon re-exposure to the antigen, help speed up the immune response during re-exposure |
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Term
| Natural Killer (NK) cells |
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Definition
| T cells that do not recognize specific antigens and are part of innate immunity |
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Term
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Definition
| fully differentiated B lymphs, oval shaped cell w/ round, eccentric nucleus, basophilic cytoplasm due to the presence of many ribosomes and RER |
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Term
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Definition
| how the body protects itself against anything "non-self" |
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Term
| Innate/Non-specific/Natural immunity |
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Definition
| immune defense the animal is born with, not antigen-specific, no immunologic memory |
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Term
| Adaptive/Specific/Acquired immunity |
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Definition
| response is antigen dependent, there is a lag time between exposure and maximum response, antigen-specific, exposure results in immunologic memory |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of serum proteins that can lyse bacteria, opsonize bacteria for enhanced phagocytosis, recruit and activate phagocytes |
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Term
| lactoferrin and transferrin |
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Definition
| bind iron which starves the bacteria of an essential nutrient |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins that can limit virus replication in cells |
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Term
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Definition
| non-specific bacteriocidal protein in tears and nasal secretions which breaks down bacterial cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
| an immunoglobulin molecule (protein) that combines with the specific antigen that induced its formation (Good) |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance foreign to the body that can induce a specific immune response (Bad) |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein that binds to the surface of a particle enhancing its uptake by a phagocyte |
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Term
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Definition
| diagnosis by immune reaction (allergy skin testing, immunofluorescent tagging) |
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Term
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Definition
| giving the patient pre-formed antibodies which have been actively produced in another individual, they have immediate but short-term effect (colostrum, tetnus antitoxin) |
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Term
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Definition
| individual is exposed to an antigen naturally or through vaccination and makes its own antibodies (tetanus toxoid) |
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Term
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Definition
| one type of plasma proteins secreted by plasma cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Ig-class specific, determine the properties and functions of each class of immunoglobulin, they are constant and bind to a specific receptor on the seg or mac |
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Term
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Definition
| variable part of the antibody structure, they are custom-tailored to bind to specific antigens |
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Term
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Definition
| Largest immunoglobulin, too large to cross cell membranes, stays in plasma, neutralizes microorganisms, fixes complement, first Ig produced upon antigen exposure |
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Term
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Definition
| smalles immunoglobulin, greatest quantity, produced in small amounts on initial exposure (after IgM), greater amounts on re-exposure; acts as an opsonin, fixes complement |
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Term
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Definition
| major immunoglobulin found in external secretions of the body, helps protect intestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tracts, not digested in GI, does NOT fix complement |
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Term
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Definition
| present in trace amounts in serum, locally attached to mast cells, does NOT fix complement, mediates allergic reactions, may cause anaphylactic shock |
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Term
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Definition
| found on B cell surfaces, functions as a receptor for antigens, does NOT fix complement |
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Term
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Definition
| antigen and antibody bound to each other by chemical and physical bonds, may be single pairs or muliple |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive, undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, requires previous exposure to the offending antigen (2nd exposure) |
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Term
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Definition
| from outside the body (flea saliva, dust mites, etc) |
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Term
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Definition
| "self" antigens the body does not recognize as "self" (antigens on body's own RBCs) |
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Term
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Definition
| immediate or anaphylactic, mediated by IgE and mast cells or basophils, happens on re-exposure to the antigen; IgE fixes on mast cells which then degranulate and release histamine (ex. hay fever, allergies, allergic dermatitis, anaphylactic shock) |
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Term
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Definition
| cytotoxic sensitivity, mediated by IgG, IgM and complement; antigens are usually endogenous; IgG or IgM react with these antigenic body cell membranes and lyse the cell (ex. hemolytic anemia, transfusion reaction) |
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Term
| Type III hypersensitivity |
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Definition
| immune complex hypersensitivity, mediated by immune complexes formed by antigens and antibodies (usually IgG), reaction may be generalized or complexes may be deposited and affect specific organs; immune complexes activate complement and cause acute inflammation (ex. serum sickness, systemic lupus erythematosus) |
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Term
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Definition
| cell-mediated or delayed-type hypersensitivity, characterized by erythema and induration - localized hardening of tissue (ex. tuberculin reaction and contact dermatitis) |
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