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VET-115-Quiz-1
3 packets
56
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 1
01/15/2013

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Cards

Term
4 purposes of lab testing
Definition
-aid in diagnosis
-evaluate patient's condition
-evaluate effects of treatment
-prognostic idicator
Term
From which sites can we collect blood directly into a capillary tube?
Definition
-ear vein (rabbits)
-tail vein (rats)(large animals)
-toenail
Term
Where should you collect blood from in a goat?
Definition
Jugular Vein
Term
Where should you collect blood in a pig?
Definition
Vena cava
Term
Why will using a vacutainer give you a better sample?
Definition
-Blood only goes through a needle once
-Causes less trauma to cells
Term
Why should you fill the vacutainer tubes completely full?
Definition
So you have the right concentration of blood and anticoagulant
Term
What causes blood to flow easily into a capillary tube?
Definition
Capillary action
Term
Which ways can you fill a capillary tube?
Definition
-Vacutainer
-Syringe
-Needle hub
-Vein
Term
6 diagnostic lab tests we've learned about
Definition
-cell identification and counts chemistries
-cytology
-chemical constituents
-fecal flotation
-culture and sensitivity
-toxicology
Term
Possible reasons for inaccurate results
Definition
Incorrect sample, poorly preserved sample, bad handling, technician error, equipment malfunction, clerical errors
Term
advantages to in-house testing?
Definition
-Fast results which can help with earlier diagnosis and improve patient care
-you control sample
-less expensive
-fewer artifacts
Term
Disadvantages to in-house testing?
Definition
-Investment in equipment
-Requires trained staff
-Quality control procedures
Term
What should you do for in-house quality control?
Definition
-Run in-house controls daily and chart results to document instrument drift
-split samples (in-house and outside lab) to check technician performance
Term
Advantages to outside labs?
Definition
-Cheaper to run some tests (panels)
-only place for some tests
-experts available
Term
Disadvantages to outside labs?
Definition
-time consuming
-more expensive for some tests
-tests can be lost or get mixed up
-often need large volumes of blood
Term
What is plasma?
Definition
The liquid portion of whole (unclotted) blood
Term
What is used to obtain plasma?
Definition
Anticoagulants
-EDTA for CBC's
-Heparin preferred for measured chemistries
Term
How do you get serum?
Definition
Serum is whole blood with no anticoagulant added. Let it clot, and then spin it down
Term
What can hemolysis be caused by?
Definition
-shaking
-too much pressure drawing blood
-Injecting too fast into tube
Term
What anticoagulant do we use for CBC's?
Definition
EDTA
Term
What should you do if you cant make a blood smear right after the blood is drawn?
Definition
Refrigerate it
Term
What color is the top of the tube we use for CBC's. Why do we use this one?
Definition
Purple.
Because it contains an anticoagulant (EDTA)
Term
Which tests can we use heparin for?
Definition
FeLV and HW tests
Term
What is Sodium citrate used for?
Definition
Coagulation profiles (has blue top)
Term
What tests are included in a CBC?
Definition
-Differential-from smear
-PCV/hematocrit
-Leukocyte count
-total protein
-Erythrocyte count
-Hemoglobin level
Term
What is the differential?
Definition
-Count and identify 100 WBC's. Evaluate all cells
Term
When making a blood smear, what angle should you hold the spreader slide?
Definition
30 degrees
Term
Why should you never blow your slide when you dry it?
Definition
Water droplets in your breath can leave artifacts on slide. (What doesn't? -_-)
Term
What kind of stain to we use at BRCC?
Definition
Diff-Quick
Term
What objective should you use for differentials?
Definition
100x
Term
What do we need to add to the slide before examining it with the 100x objective?
Definition
Immersion oil
Term
What do we use to keep track of how many leukocytes we've counted?
Definition
A talley counter
Term
What things should you look for with cell identification?
Definition
Cell: size and shape
Nucleus: size and shape
Chromatin pattern
Cytoplasm: color
Note cytoplasmic granules and vacuoles
Term
What are bands?
Definition
Immature neutrophils
Term
What are Erythrocytes
Definition
RBC's
-Non-nucleated, disc shaped cells that stain red and are most numerous on a blood smear.
Term
What is different about RBC's in dogs?
Definition
They have central pallor (pale in the middle)
Term
What are the three granulocytes?
Definition
Neutrophils, Basophils and Eosinophils
Term
What are neutrophils also called?
Definition
Segs. Segmented neutrophils
Term
What do Bands look like?
Definition
U-shaped and sometimes have a slightly blue cytoplasm
Term
What is an Eosinophil?
Definition
A round WBC with red granules, slightly bigger, and aren't seen as often as others.
Term
What is a Basophil
Definition
WBC with blue granules that are rarely seen
Term
What are Metarubricytes?
Definition
-Nucleated RBC's
Term
What is a Monocyte?
Definition
the largest type of leukocyte. Pale gray-blue cytoplasm
Term
What are Thrombocytes?
Definition
Platelets. cells that have no nucleus, usually smaller than other cells
Term
What does the hematocrit test do?
Definition
seperates erythrocytes from plasma, measures Packed Cell Volume
Term
What can a white plasma color indicate?
Definition
Lipemia (fat in the blood)
Term
What can a red plasma color indicate?
Definition
Hemolysis
Term
What can a yellow-ISH plasma color indicate?
Definition
icterus
Term
How far should we fill the capillary tube with blood?
Definition
1/2-3/4 full
Term
What happens to the PCV with dehydration?
Definition
It increases
Term
What happens to the PCV with anemia?
Definition
It decreases
Term
WHat is the buffy coat?
Definition
Whitish layer above RBC's
Term
What does the buffy coat consist of?
Definition
WBC's and Platelets
Term
What else should you look for in the buffy coat?
Definition
Microfilaria (baby heartworms)
Term
What does refractometry measure?
Definition
Total protein, Specific gravity, and total solids
Term
What was used to run a PCV test when it was done manually?
Definition
Unopette
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