Term
| 4 purposes of lab testing |
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Definition
-aid in diagnosis
-evaluate patient's condition
-evaluate effects of treatment
-prognostic idicator |
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Term
| From which sites can we collect blood directly into a capillary tube? |
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Definition
-ear vein (rabbits)
-tail vein (rats)(large animals)
-toenail |
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Term
| Where should you collect blood from in a goat? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where should you collect blood in a pig? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why will using a vacutainer give you a better sample? |
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Definition
-Blood only goes through a needle once
-Causes less trauma to cells |
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Term
| Why should you fill the vacutainer tubes completely full? |
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Definition
| So you have the right concentration of blood and anticoagulant |
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Term
| What causes blood to flow easily into a capillary tube? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which ways can you fill a capillary tube? |
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Definition
-Vacutainer
-Syringe
-Needle hub
-Vein |
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Term
| 6 diagnostic lab tests we've learned about |
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Definition
-cell identification and counts chemistries
-cytology
-chemical constituents
-fecal flotation
-culture and sensitivity
-toxicology |
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Term
| Possible reasons for inaccurate results |
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Definition
| Incorrect sample, poorly preserved sample, bad handling, technician error, equipment malfunction, clerical errors |
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Term
| advantages to in-house testing? |
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Definition
-Fast results which can help with earlier diagnosis and improve patient care
-you control sample
-less expensive
-fewer artifacts |
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Term
| Disadvantages to in-house testing? |
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Definition
-Investment in equipment
-Requires trained staff
-Quality control procedures |
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Term
| What should you do for in-house quality control? |
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Definition
-Run in-house controls daily and chart results to document instrument drift
-split samples (in-house and outside lab) to check technician performance |
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Term
| Advantages to outside labs? |
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Definition
-Cheaper to run some tests (panels)
-only place for some tests
-experts available |
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Term
| Disadvantages to outside labs? |
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Definition
-time consuming
-more expensive for some tests
-tests can be lost or get mixed up
-often need large volumes of blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| The liquid portion of whole (unclotted) blood |
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Term
| What is used to obtain plasma? |
|
Definition
Anticoagulants
-EDTA for CBC's
-Heparin preferred for measured chemistries |
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Term
|
Definition
| Serum is whole blood with no anticoagulant added. Let it clot, and then spin it down |
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Term
| What can hemolysis be caused by? |
|
Definition
-shaking
-too much pressure drawing blood
-Injecting too fast into tube |
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Term
| What anticoagulant do we use for CBC's? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should you do if you cant make a blood smear right after the blood is drawn? |
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Definition
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Term
| What color is the top of the tube we use for CBC's. Why do we use this one? |
|
Definition
Purple.
Because it contains an anticoagulant (EDTA) |
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|
Term
| Which tests can we use heparin for? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What is Sodium citrate used for? |
|
Definition
| Coagulation profiles (has blue top) |
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Term
| What tests are included in a CBC? |
|
Definition
-Differential-from smear
-PCV/hematocrit
-Leukocyte count
-total protein
-Erythrocyte count
-Hemoglobin level |
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Term
| What is the differential? |
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Definition
| -Count and identify 100 WBC's. Evaluate all cells |
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Term
| When making a blood smear, what angle should you hold the spreader slide? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why should you never blow your slide when you dry it? |
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Definition
| Water droplets in your breath can leave artifacts on slide. (What doesn't? -_-) |
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Term
| What kind of stain to we use at BRCC? |
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Definition
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Term
| What objective should you use for differentials? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What do we need to add to the slide before examining it with the 100x objective? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we use to keep track of how many leukocytes we've counted? |
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Definition
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Term
| What things should you look for with cell identification? |
|
Definition
Cell: size and shape
Nucleus: size and shape
Chromatin pattern
Cytoplasm: color
Note cytoplasmic granules and vacuoles |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
RBC's
-Non-nucleated, disc shaped cells that stain red and are most numerous on a blood smear. |
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Term
| What is different about RBC's in dogs? |
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Definition
| They have central pallor (pale in the middle) |
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Term
| What are the three granulocytes? |
|
Definition
| Neutrophils, Basophils and Eosinophils |
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|
Term
| What are neutrophils also called? |
|
Definition
| Segs. Segmented neutrophils |
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Term
|
Definition
| U-shaped and sometimes have a slightly blue cytoplasm |
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Term
|
Definition
| A round WBC with red granules, slightly bigger, and aren't seen as often as others. |
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Term
|
Definition
| WBC with blue granules that are rarely seen |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| the largest type of leukocyte. Pale gray-blue cytoplasm |
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Term
|
Definition
| Platelets. cells that have no nucleus, usually smaller than other cells |
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Term
| What does the hematocrit test do? |
|
Definition
| seperates erythrocytes from plasma, measures Packed Cell Volume |
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Term
| What can a white plasma color indicate? |
|
Definition
| Lipemia (fat in the blood) |
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Term
| What can a red plasma color indicate? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What can a yellow-ISH plasma color indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| How far should we fill the capillary tube with blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the PCV with dehydration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the PCV with anemia? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Whitish layer above RBC's |
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Term
| What does the buffy coat consist of? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What else should you look for in the buffy coat? |
|
Definition
| Microfilaria (baby heartworms) |
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Term
| What does refractometry measure? |
|
Definition
| Total protein, Specific gravity, and total solids |
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Term
| What was used to run a PCV test when it was done manually? |
|
Definition
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