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| Asymmetrical tail meant for the ocean floor |
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| Spiny ray fish- one dorsal fin |
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| An evolutionary splitting into two distinct species |
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| Diagram used to show species differentiation |
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| Scales with teeth on the end |
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| Two holes in cell, anus forms first |
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| Posterior part of the forebrain |
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| Nerve cord above the notochord |
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| Many forms of life lived together, 144-66mya |
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| Cartilaginous fishes excluding dogfish |
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| Sessile organisms evolved a tadpole like adolescence |
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| Changes happening over time |
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| Shared ancestry between a pair of structures |
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| A characteristic shared between two individuals not present in their ancestor |
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| A clade of all organisms and their ancestors |
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| Most recent common ancestor |
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| Cartilaginous skeletal rod |
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| Retention of adolescent traits in adults |
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| monophyletic group from which one or more subsidiary clades (monophyletic groups) is excluded to form a separate group |
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| Organisms that live in the middle - not shallow or at the bottom of the water |
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| Cavity behind nose and moth |
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