Term
| The microscopic study of the structure and function of the cell is _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Histology is the study of __________ |
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Definition
| the structure and function of tissues |
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Term
| How do negatively charged structures stain? |
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Definition
Purple or blue/basophilic |
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Term
| What are the two methods by which endocytosis can occur? |
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Definition
| Pinocytosis ("cell drinking") and Phagocytosis ("cell eating") |
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Term
| What are the two types of exocytosis, and how are they different? |
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Definition
| Excretion refers to the loss of waste products from the cell, and secretion is the release of useful products, such as those released by the glands. |
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Term
| How does the golgi apparatus stain? |
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Definition
| It does not stain. It appears as a non-stained area. |
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Term
| What are the four differences between cartilage and bone? |
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Definition
1. Bone has a canalicular system 2. Bone is vascular 3. Bone only grows by apposition 4. Bone contains more collagen and less proteoglycans and water than cartilage |
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Term
| What function do spot desmosomes serve? |
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Definition
| They help protect against torsion forces. |
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Term
| How do mitochondria stain and why? |
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Definition
acidophilic because they consist of membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| Kinesin is a molecular motor protein that runs along microtubules, transporting nutrients or "herding" chromosomes during cell division. It is powered by ATP hydrolysis. |
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Term
1) An increase in cell size is called ________. 2) An increase in the rate of mitosis is called _________. |
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Definition
1) hypertrophy 2) hyperplasia |
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Term
Four basic tissue types exist in the body. What are they? |
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Definition
| epithelia, connective tissues, muscle, and nervous tissue |
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Term
What is the ability to differentiate into multiple different types of cells called? |
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Definition
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Term
What type of epithelium lines the innermost layer of the cardiovascular system? What specifically is it called in this location? |
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Definition
Simple squamous epithelium. Endothelium |
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Term
What type of epithelium is found in the trachea? |
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Definition
| pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium |
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Term
What type of epithelium is shown? (Hint: This is a section of the parathyroid gland)
[image] |
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Definition
| Simple Cuboidal Epithelium |
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Term
1) What type of tissue is this?
2) Name the layers from bottom to top.[image] |
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Definition
1) Keratanized Stratified Squamous Epithelium.
2) Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum |
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Term
Exocrine glands can be classified based on their method of secretion. What are the three types? |
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Definition
| Merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine |
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Term
| Why must there always be connective tissue under epithelium? |
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Definition
| Epithelium is avascular and needs to get nutrients |
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Term
| Plasma cells are responsible for ______________. |
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Definition
| the synthesis of antibodies |
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Term
| What three things does connective tissue consist of? |
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Definition
| cells, intercellular fibers, and amorphous ground substance |
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Term
cells with both fibroblast and smooth muscle cell properties are known as _______ |
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Definition
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Term
In H&E stained preparations, how do collagen fibers stain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main component of elastic fibers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of tissue makes up the dermis? |
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Definition
| dense irregular connective tissue |
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Term
| What are liver cells called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What acidophilic organelle is responsible for detoxification in the cell? |
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Definition
| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
| What are pancreatic cells called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a cluster of cells arranged in a spoked-wheel configuration, which secrete into a central lumen |
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Term
| What is extramedullary hematopoiesis? |
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Definition
when the liver and spleen become hematopoietically active in the adult |
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Term
| What is diapedesis and what type of cells are capable of it? |
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Definition
Diapedesis: migrating out of the vascular compartment White blood cells can do it |
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Term
| What is the primary circulating leukocyte in dogs, cats, and horses? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the granules in basophils contain? |
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Definition
| Heparin, histamine, and eosinophilic chemotactic factors |
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Term
| What are monocytes called when they are found in the tissues (after migrating out of the blood stream)? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the most abundant plasma protein? What does it do? |
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Definition
Albumin It maintains the oncotic/osmotic pressure of the blood, keeping the serum fluids within the vessels. It also binds and transports substances, such as iron, thyroxin, and cortisol. |
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Term
What is polycythemia? What is a common cause? What are two other causes? |
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Definition
An increased erythrocyte concentration Dehydration High altitudes (adaptive polycythemia) and exercise (exercised induced polycythemia) (primarily in the horse) |
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Term
| What conditions might a high white blood cell count indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When foreign debris are too large for neutrophils to phagocytize, the neutrophils spew their primary lysosomes into the surrounding tissues. The lysozomal enzymes digest the host's own tissues and an abscess forms. |
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Term
What is the primary ingredient in the granules of eosinophils? What does it do? |
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Definition
Major basic protein Its function is to kill parasites. |
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Term
| Lymphocytes are the predominant leukocyte in what animals? |
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Definition
| Ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats) and swine |
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Term
How long do erythrocytes circulate in the blood? How are old and damaged erythrocytes removed from the blood? |
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Definition
About 120 days They're removed by macrophages in the liver and spleen |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduced blood concentration of hemoglobin |
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