Term
| How did the market revolution and urban growth change agriculture in the US? |
|
Definition
| The market revolution created opportunites for the US agriculture economy that had not been present before. It connected farmers with the world market and made it possible for them to transport their goods over a larger area for less money. |
|
|
Term
| How did the development of factories change the society and culture of the Northeast? |
|
Definition
| Woman in the lower class would work. The society now functioned around a clock and leisure could now be marked off from work. Factories took people who otherwise lacked other ways of earning a living. The woman and children worked at Mills which regulated private lives. |
|
|
Term
| How did the Second Great Awakening change American society and culture? |
|
Definition
| American society was now largely christian and it was almost impossible for the words liberty an christianity to be separated. Every person was taught that they are a "Free moral agent" that is, they have the choice to decide between a christian life and a life of sin. |
|
|
Term
How was the Second Great Awakening closely connected to the market revolution even though it criticized its excesses?
|
|
Definition
1) Revivalist ministers seized the opportunities that the market revolution gave them to raise money, travel the country, spread their message, and they created many mass produced things that they could spread across the country very inexpensively.
2)The idea of opening religion to mass participation and the message that ordinary americans can shape their own spiritual destinies resonated with the ideas of the market revoultion |
|
|
Term
| How did the Second Great Awakening clash with the Market Revolution? |
|
Definition
1) the SGA clashed with the ideas of the MR as being selfish and indifferent to the live welfare of others (they said this was a sin)
2) an extream form of individualism in order to gain money and success. |
|
|
Term
| What radical reform message was at the core of the Second Great Awakening theology? |
|
Definition
1) personal self improvement
2)self reliance
3)self determination |
|
|
Term
| For whom did opportunity expand and for whom did opportunity contract as a result of the Market Revoultion? |
|
Definition
Excluded
1) slaves
2) women of the middle and upper class
3) free blacks
Expanded
1) poor white men
2) lower class women
3) children |
|
|
Term
| How did the market revolution affect the role of women in the middle class family? |
|
Definition
| Women in the middle class families began to see that staying at home in the private sphere was a "Badge of respectablity." Staying home and not having to work for low income wages showed a certain degree of economic superiority. Woman became the moral standard and the center of the private spheres at home. |
|
|
Term
| What federal policies were enacted to strenghten national economic integration during 1815-1840? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What issues disrupted the political harmony of the post-war years? |
|
Definition
1) slavery
2) equality
3) liberty
4) womans rights |
|
|
Term
| How did democracy expand during the 1820's, and how did this expansion contribute to the emergence of the new party system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did Whigs and Democrats differ in their understanding of American freedom and its relationship to governmental power? |
|
Definition
Democrats
1)against non producers
2) government should not deal with economy (if the gov removed itself then americans can have fair competition)
3) local government
4) government can not be in personal life
Whigs
1) national government
2) tarrifs and currency was good
3) government in the economy
4)liberty and power were one thing
the democrats believed government shouldnt be aloud into private life whereas the whigs said they should be able to
|
|
|
Term
| Which americans supported the democrats and why? |
|
Definition
| The middle and lowerclass people supported the democrats. they supported the democrats because the democrats were against non producers. also, the democrats believed that the government should not regulate the ecnonomy therefore, they have a better chance at american competition. Aspiring entrepreneurs who resented go aid to businesman. also many slave owners supported the democrats |
|
|
Term
| Which americans supported the Whigs and why? |
|
Definition
| most established buisnessman and bankers supported this because the whig program of government promoted economic growth. Farmers near lakes and rivers also supported the whigs because they hoped to benifit as well. New york, along the erie canal also became a whig stronghold. |
|
|
Term
| how did the nullification crisis demonstrate increasing sectional differences in antebellum america? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| slavery was both a national phenomenon and a regional phenomenon. Find evidence to demonstrate each argument (Political, economic, social and cultural) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did social class tensions between wealthy planters and non slave owning whites not become politically significant in the south? |
|
Definition
| Non slave owning whites in the south depended on the institution of slavery because they a) needed the blacks to do the trivial labor becuase if the blacks were not doing it, they would have to and b) the slave owning whites controlled most of the poitical scene |
|
|
Term
| In what ways did southerners justify slavery in the south? |
|
Definition
paternalism
proslavery argument (blacks were born inferior and will always be inferior)
had not the great ancient republics of Greece and Rome rested on slave labor? |
|
|
Term
| What were the essential features of the slave community and it's culture - family, religion, folk customs, and the arts? |
|
Definition
Family- family to slaves was very important and could be used by the slave owners as a bargening chip to make the slaves do as he wanted
religion- slaves were mostly christian but were not aloud to study the parts of the bible which depicted the slaves in jerusalem leaving, those who did hear of this took these lesons as their ralying call
folk customs- |
|
|
Term
| What was the primary significance of Nat Turner's Rebellion? |
|
Definition
| Nat Turner and his follwers killed mainly women and children to mimick the loss that the blacks felt when they were separated from their families by the white masters. the white comunity was alarmed and in the panic that followed the revolt many slave owners cracked down very rigidly upon their slaves. After this it was prohibited for any slave to be a preacher, the military was strenghtened, it was illegal to teach a slave how to read, and it was illegal for a slave to own firearms. |
|
|
Term
| In what geographic region of the US were the reforms (utopias) most pronounced and why? |
|
Definition
| the utopias were mostly in the north due to |
|
|
Term
| What similarites and differences do you see in the ways in which these utopian communities attempted to reorganize society? |
|
Definition
Similarites
1)Equality between male and female
2) each wanted moral perfection, although different ideas of this
3) drew their inspiration from the religious revivalism of the Second Great Awakening
4) liberating men and women from external and internal restraints
Differences
1) relations between man and a woman; shakers did not believe in sex, oneida believed in free love |
|
|
Term
| How did reformers define freedom? |
|
Definition
Freedom from both internal and external restraints as well as the freedom from sin and to achieve moral perfection was to be free
reformers also thought that self fulfillmen came through self discipline; a person who internalized hte practice of self control was a free man |
|
|
Term
| Why did few americans join utopian communities in the 19th century? |
|
Definition
many saw the reforms as an attack on their own freedom
1) drinking was a central part of their everyday lives
2)american catholics, irish, and germans were hostileto the reforms
3) catholics viewed sin as an inescapable burden of individuals and society and they thought the reformers were trying to impose their own version of protestant morality on their neighbors
|
|
|
Term
| which americans supported reform movements and why? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| to what causes did reformers devote their efforts and what common reform impuse unifed these various reform movements? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what wre the central arguments abolitionists developed against american slavery?
|
|
Definition
1) abolitionists now identified slavery as a sin
2) "moral suasion"
3) awakening the nation to the moral evil of slavery
|
|
|
Term
| how did they connect northern black poverty to their cause and to their american freedom? |
|
Definition
| abolitionists argued that slavery was so deeply embeded in the american life that the radical change of both the north and the south was nessecary |
|
|
Term
| why were the abolitionists a small minority of the northern population throughout the antebellum period an why did they face such violent opposition from the northerners? |
|
Definition
northerners thought that abolitionism threatened to disrupt the union
interfere with profits from slave labor
overturn white supremacy |
|
|
Term
| How did women become involved in efforts to shape public policy in antebelum america? |
|
Definition
| all of the femenists were first abolitionists. when they began to develope a new understaning of their own subordinate social and legal status |
|
|
Term
| what was the relationship between abolitionism and feminism? |
|
Definition
both reforms were trying to overcome the idea that women and blacks were always inferior to white men and for that reason always would be
abolitionist doctrine of univeral freedom and equality to the status of women
|
|
|
