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| government does not control private business |
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| states can nullify or void any federal law they deem unconstitutional |
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| Suffrage requirements at this time |
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| an early advocate or supporter of women's suffrage |
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| established a system of courts, the highes being the Supreme Court, and established the office of Attorney General |
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| sell interest bearing bonds to pay off the national debt, pay interest to bond holders by increasing excise taxes and tariffs, establish a national bank |
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| Grain growers of Northern Virginia hated the excise tax on whiskey so they intimidated and attacked collectors |
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| Democrat-Republican Party |
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| favored by Southerners and the "common people", initially led by Jefferson and Madison, advocated weak federal government and strict adherence to the Consitution |
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| believed in strong federal government, favored the wealthy (elite), loose interpretation fo the Constitution |
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| when two or more nations were involved in a conflict the US would not become involved or express support for either side |
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| negotiated to avoid war with Gritain: the British gave up forts on Americal soil and ease some restrictions on American ships. In return the US had to repay prewar debts to Britain |
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| negoatiated with Spain, gave American's access to the lower Mississippi River so that goods could reach New Orleans for shipment east. |
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| Washington farewell address |
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| urged the nation to unify itself as one "party" and to limit involvement with other nations that might drag it into a conflict |
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| Virginia- Kentucky Resolutions |
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| declared the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstifutional, hinted at nullifying the act. Written by Jefferson and Madison |
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| in response to America's efforts to negotiate peace in 1796 three French officials offered humiliating terms, including $250,000 in bribes |
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| public sentiment roused against France, America defeated French warships |
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| a strategy used by Federalists to decrease Democrat-Republican political power by mimiting free speech and expression and neutralizing foreigners deemed unworthy |
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| Federalist judges appointed by John Adams before he lift office, Jefferson withheld their commission letters, so some never took office |
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| established the Supreme Court's authority of judical review |
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| because fo a tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr the House of Representatives decided the election with Alexander Hamilton haveing the crucial vote |
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| Chief Justice who presided over Marbury vs Madison case |
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| Marbury vs Madison decision |
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| judges entitled to commisions, but the Supreme Court could not force the president to issue them |
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| New England Federalists convened in protest of the War of 1812 and decided to send ambassadors to Washington with demands. Too late!!! Embarrassed!!! |
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| united several Native American tribes to stand against settlers claiming their land |
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| doubled the country's size, secured access to the Mississippi River, economic turning point |
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| to avoid war, Native Americans agreed to five up two thirds of what is now Ohio and the Ohio River as a permanant boundary between their land and American land. |
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| France and America ironed out some of their differences, America offically became neutral, trade and diplomatic relations re-established |
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| to prevent Britain from taking US ships Jefferson passed the Embargo Act banning trade with foreign countries |
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| damaged American economy, no harm to Britain |
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| John Calhoun (SC) and Henry Clay (Ken.) advocated war with Britain to protect trading rights and settlements, also hoped that the war would produce land gains in Canada and Florida |
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| fought technically after the War of 1812 was over |
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| transferred Florida and the Oregon territory from Spain to America and Texas from America to Spain |
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