Term
| Reconstruction and Recreation: What do these terms mean? |
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Definition
Reconstruction: Homoginizing the south into an image of the north
Reconstruction: The process of changing all levels of society in the south to more of a northern mindset. |
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Term
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Definition
* South Left the government
* North made laws that negatively effect the south
* Less Farmers
* Even after south returns to the government they can't oppose the northern policy |
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Term
| Republican reorganization of the economy |
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Definition
* Create national bank
* fuse government and finance
* Promote industry through taiffs
* Land grants to railroads
* Income taxes and greenbacks-Inflation |
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Term
| Ruin of the Southern economy and society |
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Definition
* Congress policy of retribution instead of forgiveness
* Confed $ and bonds useless
* Slaves were freed leaving families destitute with no one to work the land.
* White southerners denied right to vote or hold office
* Railroads, Locomotives, and homes were destroyed, leaving only the chimneys
* |
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Term
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Definition
* President during the civil war
* Felt that the south should be given amnesty and brought back into the union. encouraged several reconciliatory laws
Resumption over reconstruction |
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Term
| Proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction |
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Definition
| If southerners took an oath saying that they were loyal to the union all would be forgiven |
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Term
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Definition
| If 10% of the voting population in a community took the oath then the whole community was forgiven and that 10% could be government |
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Term
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Definition
* Reaction to Liancoln's soft policies
* Required oath saying an individual had NEVER supported the south
* Needed 50% instead of 10%
* 75% fought in the war, math doesn't work
* Congress adjourns and Lincoln never signs it "Pocket Veto"
* begins conflict between radicals and conservati`ves |
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Term
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Definition
*Stayed in Congress while TN left the union
* 17th president of US
* 1865-1869
* Critical of plantation owners
* Succession wasn't legal |
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Term
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Definition
After southern states rejoined the union the republicans wouldn't let they sit.
* Rejected Johnson's reconstruction plan
* Believes that Only congress can legislate for reconstruction |
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Term
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Definition
* PA
* 1792-1868
* Lawyer and Industrialist
* Iron Foundry, got rich off of railroads
* Abolitionist, Free the slaves!
* Southern States were conquered providences
* Believed that Johnson can't be president because he is not from a state. |
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Term
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Definition
*MA
* 1811-1874
* Radical Republican
* Abolitionist
* Secession means states become territories
* Anti southern rhetoric
* Whipped with a cane because he upset someone
* Punish the south |
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Term
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Definition
* 1800-1878
* OH
* Radical Republican
* Co wrote Wade-David Bill
* Arm Slave, execute confederate leaders confiscate property
* Impeached Johnson |
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Term
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Definition
* 1866
* NOT Jim Crow laws
* Against ALL minorities
* created to prevent vagrancy
* Prohibited interracial marriage
* Led to radical republican legislation because North could chastise the south
* Free slaves would follow the army around and this law was to prevent them from using army resources. |
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Term
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Definition
* Gives republicans power
* Made slavery illeagal
* Enforces 13th admendment
* gets black to vote
* Creates school for free blacks
* White southerners can't vote
*Vetoed by Johnson overturned by congress 1867 |
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Term
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Definition
Granted citizenship to freedmen
Gave them the right to own property and sue in court
*Vetoed by Johnson, overturned by congress 1867 |
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Term
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Definition
Republicans take over 75% of seats in congress
South not represented
Begins congressional/military reconstruction |
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Term
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Definition
* Forge a new union
* One Branch controls the government
* Avenge the union men who died in the war
* Punish the south
* Remake the south in the north's image
* Tyranny of Republican Government |
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Term
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Definition
* South States except TN removed from union
* 10 states divided into military districts subject to martial law
* Forced to draw up new constitutions ratifying the 14th admendment...even though we just said they weren't states
* Johnson Vetos, congress overrules him, sends troops to enforce law in southern states
* Gives control to the republicans in the south |
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Term
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Definition
* Military reconstruction requires use of army to maintain repub control in the south
* 7 Confed states follow 1st recon act and are allowed back in the union
* Army presence and fact that white voters can't vote. |
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Term
| Tenure of Office Act of 1867 |
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Definition
Limited constitutional authority of the president
* Said the president could not remove an executive member that had been appointed by a past president without the approval of congress
* created because of republican desire to impeach Johnson |
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Term
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Definition
* Secretary of War
* Removed by Johnson in 1868
* Republican "spy" in Cabinet
* Abused Military power
* Put northern ministers in churches in the south |
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Term
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Definition
Violates Tenure of Office Act by removing Stanton without congressional approval
*35 votes for removal 19 against
* 7 repub voted to keep him in office
* Lame Duck presidency
* 1926 Supreme court rules that the Tenure act is unconstitutional |
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Term
| Constitutional Reconstruction |
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Definition
| * Congress alters Constitution during reconstruction |
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Term
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Definition
* 1865 13th amendment abolishes slavery
* 1866 Congress reduced supreme court justices. limits presidential appointment power
* 1870 15th amendment allows all men regardless of race to vote |
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Term
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Definition
| Court case that ruled that it was illegal for a military court to try a citizen when the civilian courts are still operational |
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Term
| 14th Admendment Controversy |
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Definition
| Needed 28 states for ratification but 2 states refused to ratify it. Sec o State Seward forced the amendment by congress. This was a congressional abuse of power. |
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Term
| 1868 Presidential Election |
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Definition
Between U.S. Grant and Horatio Seymour
Grant wins due to large Union Vet vote. |
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Term
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Definition
* 1822-1885
* OH
* Republican
* Civil War hero
* 18th President
* 1869-1877
* youngest president up to that point |
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Term
| Scandals during the Grant Administration |
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Definition
* Gould-Fiske Black friday Tried to get a person appointed to the assistant to the treasury for insider information to corner the gold market.
* Credit Mobilier Scandal tried to bribe congress with stock in Union Pacific
* Crime of '73
* Coinage act of "73
* Panic and long depression
* De Monitization of silver
* Miners and farmers hurt by policies |
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Term
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Definition
Grant Vs. Horace Greeley
Republican vs. republican
Grant and radicals win |
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Term
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Definition
Carpetbagger: A northern who moved south to take advantage economically and politically
Scalawag: A southerner who was republican after the war |
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Term
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Definition
* Southern Control of State Governments
* 1870-1877
* Resistance to radical Reconstruction |
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Term
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Definition
* Samuel Tilden vs. Rutherford B Hayes
* Tilden was anti reconstruction
* Hayes disputes election returns
* Tilden wins popular but Hayes wins Electoral |
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Term
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Definition
* Hayes becomes president without resistance from the south
* Troops would leave SC, LA, FL
* Southern Democrat appointed to the cabinet
* Support for South Industry
* Southern Railroad |
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Term
| Myths concerning end of slavery |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Each free slave could get forty acres and a mule. 400,000 acre confiscated along the Atlantic coast. Revoked by Andrew Johnson |
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Term
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Definition
* 1822-1901
* Mississippi
* First Black United States Senator |
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Term
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Definition
* 1832-1887
* SC
* First black member of House of Representatives |
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Term
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Definition
* 1866-1869
* Nanthan Bedford Forrest 1st grand wizard of KKK |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st grand wizard of the KKK |
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Term
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Definition
| Ran against Chamberlain and the election was bloody and mean. Won the election by SC state supreme court saying he won the election. |
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Term
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Definition
* 1870-1871
* Try to help enforce 14th and 13th
* Klan folks faced trial in Federal Court
* habeas corpus suspended
* Unconstitutional |
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Term
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Definition
* whites and blacks worked together in south
* Cities segregated by class rather than race Usually
* little racial violence until 1890
* Economic problems turned blacks into scapgoats
* Labor competition
* Blacks migrated north |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
* Jim Crow laws
* Black Voters would disenfranchised
* |
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Term
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Definition
| Segregation was legal as long as it was equal |
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Term
| Poll taxes and literacy tests |
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Definition
| People couldn't vote unless they could pay the tax or pass a nearly impossible reading test. Meant to target black voters |
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Term
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Definition
* First Black heavyweight boxing champion
* Jefferies refuses to fight him depriving him of the chance at the championship
* White only world heavyweight championship |
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Term
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Definition
* Sparked by Johnson's win over Jefferies
* Some 'riots' were people celebrating
* Police tried to stop them |
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Term
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Definition
* 1862-1931
* Lynching Opponent
* Owned anti segregation newspaper
* Southern Horror Lynch Law in all its phases 1897 |
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Term
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Definition
* 1856-1915
* Black reformer
* Established Tuskeegee institute
* Up from Slavery: Autobiography
* atlanta address and compromise |
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Term
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Definition
* 1868-1963
* First black PhD
* The Souls of Black Folk
* "The Talented Tenth" |
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Term
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Definition
| W.E.B Dubois term for 1 in ten black men raising to become leaders of their race. |
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Term
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Definition
| Seeks to unite the black community into one african community |
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Term
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Definition
| Blacks served in the USAForces in both the Spanish american war and WWI. After WWI they expected to be treated better but that did not happen |
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Term
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Definition
Black Swallow
* First black combat piolt
* 1894-1961 |
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Term
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Definition
* 1889-1948
* Pioneer of Harlem Renassaince
* If we must die 1919
* Communist |
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Term
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Definition
*1902-1967
* Communist
* poet
* a dream defered
a raisin in the sun |
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Term
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Definition
Orginated from brass bands of New orleans
* influenced by rag music
* became black music
* influenced rock n roll |
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Term
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Definition
| * Implies that there was an old south that wasn't as good. |
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Term
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Definition
coined the phrase "New south
* move towards industry and commerce and away from slavery and agriculture |
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Term
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Definition
| A land owner would give a piece of his land to a person in exchange for a portion of the crops. Portions of crops would be exchanged for seeds and tools until there was little or no crops for the share cropper |
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Term
| Columbus Ga: A new south city |
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Definition
Industry and mills
one of the biggest mills in the south bibb industries |
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Term
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Definition
* Columbus GA
* 1847-1906
* Confederate Veteran
* Created the southern railway system
* Killed in a train accident |
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Term
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Definition
* 1856-1925
* The American Tabacco Company
* Duke Power
* Duke Mills
* Tobacco pioneer |
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Term
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Definition
R.J. Reynolds Tabacco Copany
* Competition for American Tobacco company
* 1850-1918
* |
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Term
| Birmingham Al: Sloss Furnances |
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Definition
* Steel Industries
* Haunted |
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Term
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Definition
* literary and intellectual movement to reconcile white southern culture
* justification of the was and secession
* sympathetic to the south |
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Term
| Confederate Heritage Groups |
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Definition
* maintain the memory of confederate veterans
* Maintains confederate monuments |
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Term
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Definition
* Defense of southern culture against criticism
* Focuses on conservative culture of the south
* South was the last culture to resist industry and consumerism
* advocated conservative, rural, farm culture |
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Term
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Definition
* 1897-1962
* Nobel Prize
* the sound and the fury |
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Term
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Definition
* 1905-1989
* All the King's Men
* Pulitzer Only writer to recieve it |
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Term
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Definition
* Has roots in upper south and appalachia
* Hillbilly music
* odd mix of cultures
* 1930s Bluegrass is recognized as part of country music |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Country music
* The man
* kinda violent |
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Term
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Definition
* almost pure rubbing alcohol
* illegal because it was made in high quantities without paying taxes
* created runners which lead to fast cars and NASCAR |
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Term
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Definition
The father of NASCAR
best example of transition from bootlegging to stock car racing |
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Term
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Definition
| pretty cars. started when moonshine runners would go out and race their cars to see who was fastest |
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Term
| The West: Perception and Reality |
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Definition
* Most diverse place in the nation
* gunslingers and outlaws were there but a minority
* High mountains, plains, deserts |
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Term
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Definition
* Minority of people
* Wild Bunch
- Butch Cassidy
- used dynamite, got caught because they had their picture taken
* Jesse James
- watch deadwood |
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Term
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Definition
| High mountains, Plains and deserts |
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Term
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Definition
sent out west to determine if the west was able to be settled
He said no |
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Term
| Republican Western Land Legislation |
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Definition
* Railroads
* Legislature used to encourage people to move west |
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Term
| American Bison or Buffalo |
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Definition
* American Indians used all parts of the buffalo
* Settlers would not use all of it and hunted them nearly to extinction
* 1880 15 million buffalo were almost extinct |
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Term
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Definition
* started out as a buffalo hunter
* created a traveling west show to take back to the "dudes" in the east |
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Term
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Definition
* 1860-1917
* settlers vs. tribes
* army came in to defend and protect the settlers |
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Term
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Definition
* Minnesota
* settlers Vs. Sioux warriors
* U.S. wins killing 100 warriors and executes 38 leaders
* Largest mass execution in US History |
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Term
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Definition
* 1866-1868
* Most sucsessful Indian War
* gains autonomous control over WY and Dakotas until 1890s |
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Term
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Definition
* 1890
* Last major battle of the Indian wars
* unarmed women and children were killed |
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Term
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Definition
* MA
* Republican
* Integrated tribes into US Gov through DAWES COMMISSION created in 1893 |
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Term
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Definition
* 1870-1880
* Move cattle from ranch to railhead
* Once the land was settled no more free ranging for cattle the cowboys no longer had a job |
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Term
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Definition
* Creates Boom towns
* Brought people to the west
* Land claims from large mining companies |
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Term
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Definition
* towns would pop up over night when a strike was found
* worst parts of society; crime gambling prostitution |
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Term
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Definition
* Deep Mining
* 500-600 billion
* 1860-1870s
* Dangerous |
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Term
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Definition
* 1820-1891
* most profitable mining company
* made millions |
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Term
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Definition
| After a strike was mined out the town would leave and be abbandoned |
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Term
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Definition
Farmers who went west to improve lifestyle
houses made out of grass |
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Term
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Definition
* said the frontier was closed with the settlement of OK
* west defined america from the earliest settlement |
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Term
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Definition
Late 19th century
Gold plated unto a less precious metal
New rich
Help from Republican controlled government
Not Laissez Faire (Free Mareket)
Robber barons |
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Term
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Definition
Owned standard Oil
Founded Miami
Billionaire brings Rail Road to Florida |
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Term
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Definition
Rail Road tycoon
Robber baron |
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Term
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Definition
Railroad and steamship tycoon
Vanderbilt University
Biltmore house |
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Term
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Definition
Railroad Tycoon
Used own money
No government $ empire builder |
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Term
| Transcontinental Railroad |
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Definition
Connects east to west
1869 completed began 1859
Factor behind western legislation in 1850s
OH-CA |
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Term
| Railroads and Impact on America |
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Definition
Developed industries like steel, timber, telegraph
‘National’ political, social and economic climate
News is practically instantaneous |
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Term
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Definition
Pullman sleeping cars
Can go across the country and not have to sleep in their seat |
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Term
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Definition
1851-present
Created standardized time schedules for RR
Invented stock ticker
Telegraphing the old text message
Helped facilitate railroad travel
Millions of telegraph messages |
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Term
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Definition
Rags to riches
Born in Scotland
Started in a telegraph company and started to investing
Carnegie Steel
Cut price of steel from $80 a ton to $8 a ton making steel available to use
Invested in the furnace that make steel work
Sold company to JP Morgan (became us steel)
Gave away a lot of money, pensions for workers |
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Term
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Definition
Major interest in Carnegie steel
He was the brawn and would handle the “dirty work” |
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Term
| Johnstown Flood and the Gentlemen’s camp |
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Definition
Dam workers didn’t fill the holes in the dam and it broke. 30 foot wall of water took out Johnstown
1000s dead town completely destroyed
Frick was responsible for flood, bought off anyone who was going to sue |
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Term
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Definition
Had purple skin
U.S. Steel
Class warfare had he a villain
Very wealthy |
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Term
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Definition
Sec of the tres
Oversaw roaring 20s
Kept fed from controlling the treasury
Investments in all major US Industries |
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Term
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Definition
Standard Oil
$300 billion in worth
Gave away half of his wealth to health and welfare organizations
Many current gas companies originated in standard oil
Monopoly
Vertical integration: manufacture all components and own the companies that ship |
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Term
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Definition
Meat packing company
Invented assembly line production and refrigerated car delivery
$135 mil
MA and IL |
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Term
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Definition
From eastern and central Europe
Melting pot doesn’t work with these people. They hold on to their original culture
Immigrants were not all very well educated |
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Term
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Definition
All children born in the United States are citizens of the united states
Anchor Babies
Women were screened for pregnancy and not allowed in the country |
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Term
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Definition
Checkpoint for immigrants
Many Immigrants turned away
Now a Museum |
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Term
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Definition
Oppostition to new immigration
Throughout history there has been opposition to immigration
Annual Quotas placed on European immigration
Ignored latin American immigration |
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Term
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Definition
1917-1920 Literacy tests
Quotas Only so many allowed in the country
1953 Mccarran and walter act screens for communists
1965 Equality act relaxes quotas
1986 After amnesty was given they then said to lock down on immigration |
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Term
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Definition
Arrived in US around 1820
Mostly men 1685 men to 1 woman during this era
Came to escape political
Gold rush
Did not want to assimilate
California passed a Tax on nonwhite peoples |
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Term
| Burlingame Treaty of 1863 |
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Definition
China granted most favored nation status
Established Chinatowns
Good trading partners |
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Term
| Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 |
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Definition
Outlaws immigration of Chinese for 10 years
Repealed in 1942 when china became WWII ally
Grover Cleveland called the Chinese a danger to the US, not capable of assimilation |
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Term
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Definition
Chinese miners attacked
29 Chinese men killed
70 chinese homes burned |
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Term
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Definition
Places strain on resources
Overcrowding, Poverty, Disease, Fire
Slums |
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Term
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Definition
How the Other Half Lives
Took pictures of very very poor living conditions and published a book. |
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Term
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Definition
Terence Powderly
8 hour work day
No Child Labor
No striking |
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Term
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Definition
Skill trade union
A federal system
Had a central authority with smaller groups that kind of worked on their own |
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Term
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Definition
Wages cuts as a result of 1873 depression
East and Midwest workers refuse to work
Shuts down the economy
US sends in Army to restore peace people were killed |
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Term
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Definition
At McCormick machines
Union workers replaced with Scabs
Scabs vs. Union members vs. Police
Leaders of riot (mostly Union members) were executed |
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Term
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Definition
Carnegie Steel
Frick
The Steel co had a good year and the workers demanded more wages. Carnegie said yes to 60% workers demanded 80% Carnegie says no and then a riot. |
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Term
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Definition
| Railroad wokers go on strike to support Pullman |
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Term
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Definition
| Striking coal Miners attacked by Private detectives mostly women and children |
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Term
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Definition
Coal miner strike
‘Red Necks’ from wearing red scarves around their neck.
Former soldiers
First and only time that US drops a bomb on its own people. |
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Term
| Pinkerton Detective Agency |
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Definition
Spy on Labor Unions and use the information
Hunt down Jesse James
Presidential Protection
‘We never sleep’ |
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Term
| Presidential Line of Succession |
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Definition
Hayes 1877-1881
Garfield
Arthur
Cleveland
Harrison
Clevland
McKinley |
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Term
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Definition
1877-1881
End of Reconstruction
Indian wars
Economic Problems |
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Term
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Definition
Grant sought 3rd term
Divided republican party
Garfield very close election
Outsider honest? Not really |
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Term
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Definition
The republican party was very divided and elected him to office. He was billed as being an outsider who would come in and clean up Washington. He won the election barely.
1831-1881
20th president
Union war vet
Assassinated in 1881 by office seeker Guiteau |
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Term
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Definition
1829-1886
VT
21st President
1881-1885 term
Bachelor
Well known for image more than substance
Open presidency
Civil service reform |
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Term
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Definition
Arthur Files too late to make a run at the presidency
BlainE of Main ran as republican (former Radical)
Corrupt dirty campaign
Half-Breed
Grover Clevland
Grover admits to having an illegitimate child, public doesn't care |
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Term
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Definition
22nd president
Grover the good
Conservative Democrat
350 lbs
Honest man
Left the door open during meeting and talked loudly to prevent shady deals
Vetos everything that he feels is unconstitutional
Limited government
First Democrat since Buchanan in 1856
'Rebel Flag Order' to heal wounds of reconstruction |
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Term
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Definition
Cleveland renominated by dems
Cleveland came back after Harrison and became the 24th president |
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Term
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Definition
1833-1907
Republican Nominee
Political family
wins 1888 Election through corruption
Lost Popular vote won elcetoral
23rd president
The centennial President 100 years after Washington
charges of corruption Too pro business |
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Term
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Definition
Last conservative
sounds money
anti tarif
Panic of 1893
Made an adjustment to Gold and Silver standard and the economy goes in the tank
Didn't believe in social programs |
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Term
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Definition
McKinley vs. Brian
realignment of political parties
Free silver and powerful central government
Cross of gold: Nailed to the gold standard
Third party of more conservative democrats
Limit Government
Gold Standard |
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Term
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Definition
25th President
Forgien policy
Assasinated by Czolgosz
Died of infection
czolgosz was executed
1st Modern Prestident
Uses the press |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
Spoils: you supported me so I will make sure you get jobs and money
Merit: thank you for supporting me but I will be finding people who can do the job |
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Term
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Definition
Stalwarts: Republican Spoils
Halfbreeds: Merit |
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Term
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Definition
Youngest man nominated by the democratic party
Supported free silver
More powerful central government |
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Term
| National Democratic Party |
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Definition
Conservative Democrats leave the convention
Form the National Democratic Party
A conservative, limited gov, free trade, gold standard party
Union, Confederate ticket Pres was union VP was Confederate
John Palmer nominated for president |
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Term
| Presidential Assassinations |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Spoils vs. Merit
Stalwarts vs. Halfbreeds |
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Term
|
Definition
Jobs are hired in instead of appointed by government jobs.
Most federal jobs are civil service |
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Term
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Definition
Tax on imports
Protection: Increase tariff so that the import is more expensive than local products. Protects American jobs from forgien imports
Competition: Make a better product through competition to keep quality up and prices down
No labor laws
McKinlet: 48% tariff on imported goods
When Cleveland comes back into office the Tariff is reduced |
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Term
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Definition
Interstate Commerace act
Sherman anti trust act
Promote and regulate business
Not a free market |
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Term
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Definition
Changed the relationship between business and government
Mostly railroads
RR rates had to be just and reasonable (whatever the government says they have to be)
Prohibits pooling operations, discriminatory rates and rebates
Violates free market and can increase the cost of business |
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Term
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Legislation designed to create competition
Prohibited monopolies
No conspiring to create monopoly
Result: No business has been called a trust since 1890 |
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Federal Government does not have any authority over monopoly
Opposed to business regulation |
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| Bland allison act of 1878 |
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| Bi Metal. Silver and gold instead of just Gold |
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equal amount of silver and gold in the government
Peopl start to hoard gold and sell it for more.
Ratio was off
Repealed by Cleveland takes money out of circulation. |
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| caused by cleveland repealing the sherman act and fixing the ratio. People who had borrowed on the act where screwed |
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1836-1910
Influenced by Hudson river school
Cloud shadows
The Gulf Stream
After the Hurricane |
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Victorian age
Artist sculptor
Nudes controversial figure
Introduced camera to the art studio
The Gross Clinic
Miss Amelia C. Van Buren |
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Founder of “Ashcan” School
City Life
Gritty dark dirty paintings
Snow in New York
Fay Bainter |
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Member of ‘Ashcan’ School
Urban Life
Automat
Infinity of loneliness
Nighthawks |
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‘Ashcan’School
Club Night
Cliff Dwellers |
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Midwest
Ruralist
American Gothic |
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Telephone in 1876
Mr. Watson, come here I want to see you.
Metal Detector |
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1847-1931
Light bulb
1000 Patents
Phonograph
General Electric Company
Known for stealing stuff from people |
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1846-1914
Early inventor
Westinghouse manufacturing company
Perfected manufacturing of AC High Voltage current
Air brake
Shock absorbers
Electrical brake for subway cars |
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Invented or perfected
Long Distance electric delivery via AC
Radio
Laser
X-ray
Fired by Edison the hired by Westinghouse and waived his royalties cuz he was a good guy
Extremely clean
Celibate vegetarian
Master of several languages
Renaissance man
Genius |
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Throw away razors
Shick electric dry shaver
Electric fan
Electric flat iron
Electric sewing machine
Electric washing machine |
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