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| this document is the basic foundation and plan of American government |
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| the basic concept of US government that divides the government into levels (national, state, local) |
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Freedom of speech, press, religion Right to assemble and petition the government |
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| Founding fathers guarded against through the branches of government, federalism, and checks and balances |
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ways that the separate branches and watch over each other and ensure that they are not over-stepping their power |
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Supreme Court interprets the law can declare laws unconstitutional practice judicial review |
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President, vice-president, cabinet enforce the law |
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Congress (House of Representatives and Senate) create laws |
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| During Reconstruction, they wanted to make it difficult on the South to rejoin the union - opposed Lincoln's plan |
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| belief that it is God's will for the US to extend coast to coast and even beyond |
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| during the 1800's, gold was found in the California territory and started a mass movement of people into the area |
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| wrote many short stories about the harsh reality of living in the old west |
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| things that make people want to leave a place |
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| things that make people want to come to a place |
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| silent movie that fictionalized the rise of the south and rejuevenated the Ku Klux Klan |
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| laws that helped to oppress African-Americans after the Civil War (grandfather clauses, poll taxes, literacy tests, etc.) |
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| too many people for an area to accomadate - creates problems like pollution, not enough housing and jobs, crime, etc. |
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| essential to the growth of America; opened up the west; cities now pop up along rail-lines instead of rivers |
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| Transcontinental Railroad |
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| railroad that connected the coasts; huge civil engineering project; thousands died making it including Chinese and Irish immigrants |
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| belief that if you work hard, educate yourself, you can become or have anything that you want |
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| crime investigator that wanted to exposed poverty; wrote How the Other Side Lives |
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| landmark case that established the practive of separate but equal; idea was not overturned until Brown v. Board of Education |
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| the movement of the people to lift the burden of debt from farmers and other workers |
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| gave 160 acres to anyone willing to move out west and stay for 5 years - government sponsoring of Manifest Destiny |
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| forced removal of the Cherokee from Georgia and onto Indian Territory - roughly 4000 died during the trip |
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| owner of US Steel and one of the most successful holding companies ever - known for his ruthless business tactics |
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| owned Standard Oil - known as being a robber barron |
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| legislation that tried to disban trusts |
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| early union formed in 1869 and advocated "equal pay for equal work" |
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| protest held in Chicago to protest police brutality; several police and protesters killed; slowed down support for the union and labor movement |
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| fire that killed over a hundred people and forced the government to start looking at safety regulations for businesses |
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| islands where immigrants were processed before entering the US |
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| worked for the Settlement House movement to help poor people through community centers and social services |
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| political cartoonist who series helped to bring down Boss Tweed and his Tammeny Hall group |
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| wrote The Souls of Black Folk; demanded equal treatment for blacks immediately; opposed the methods of Booker T. Washington; supported the idea of the "Talented Tenth" |
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| the practice of countries to extend their economic, political, and/or military control over weaker territories |
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| a group stops working in order to provoke employeers into giving into demands such as higher wages, benefits, safety issues, etc. |
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| name of a person who crosses a strike or picket line and takes the place of a striker in his job |
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| where a company has the complete control over an industry's production, wages, and prices |
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the practice of buying out your competition or merging with them (Beat out competition.) |
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the practice of buying out your suppliers in order to control the raw materials and transportation systems associated with a manufacturing industry (Company owns everything.) |
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| Educational reform outcomes |
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1. mandatory attendance laws 2. kindergartens 3. more attendance at high schools 4. more attendance at colleges and universities 5. higher literacy rates |
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| more time for entertainment and activities due to the inventions that helped make like easier |
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Major key concept term: checks and balances |
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does not allow for absolute power example: a picture of the houses of government |
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Major key concept term: Manifest Destiny |
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belief that the US should control all of the territory on the North American continent example: a picture of a wagon train or a picture of a property claimed through the Homestead Act |
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Major key concept term: Individual Rights |
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rights that every person in entitled to under US Constitutional law example document: Bill of Rights |
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Major key concept term: Abolitionism |
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the fight to end slavery example: a document that establishes a group's position against slavery |
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Major key concept term: Imperialism |
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wanting to control territories outside the mainland country for politicial and economic reasons example: political cartoon showing a country's control of an area |
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Major key concept term: Reconstruction |
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time period after the Civil War were the country was trying to put itself back together example: Jim Crow laws or a picture of events in the south after the war |
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Major key concept term: Romancing the Old West |
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the practice of making the west seem better and more exciting than it was example: dime novels that would tell wild, exciting stories of the west |
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Major key concept term: Industrialization |
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machines and factories start showing up on the American landscape and draw people from rural areas into urban areas (cities); immigrants fuel the need for employees example: a picture of workers in a factory or an assembly line |
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Major key concept term: Captains of Industry |
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otherwise known as Robber Barrons or owners of big business; not known for their ethical business practices example: a political cartoon portraying the power of the captains of industry |
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Major key concept term: Unions |
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organized labors that join together for collective bargaining purposes example: photo of a strike line |
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Major key concept term: Immigration |
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movement of people into the country; helped to fuel the growing economy; faced a lot of discrimination, especially based on the native country example: political cartoon depicting the treatment of immigrants |
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Major key concept term: Reforming America |
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to address the problems that occured once American began to urbanize (pollution, corruption, overpopulation, discrimination, etc.) changes were started to be made to combat those problems example: photo depicting child labor (an area that needed to be reformed) |
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Major key concept term: Pop culture at the Turn of the Century |
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due to an increase in leisure time, Americans had more time to spend on activities like movies, sports, music, etc. example: a photo of America's favorite pasttime (baseball) |
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