provided social/economic/educational services to aid freed men in transitioning from slavery.

Established 3000 schools in the south taught by northern women.

"the key to freedom is knowledge"

Literacy rate of freed blacks went from 10% to 30% in ten years.

1863

10% Plan- 10% of southern voters took an oath of loyalty to the union- then the state is welcomed back into the Union

conciliatory policy- peacemaking policy. He believed you can never have true peace unless we seek it out
Many of his critics were his fellow republicans because they didn't think he was being harsh enough on the South.

John Booth was a southern sympathizer and didn't like that Lincoln was going to give freed men rights.

Democrat who lacked Lincoln's flexibility.

Grew up as an indentured servant with a cruel employer, but made his way up the ladder. Became a senator and urged his state not to succeed, he remained loyal to the Union although his state voted otherwise.

Lincoln wanted a Southern vice president to increase his chances of winning the election.

Made bad impressoin to US when he gave a drunken speech

Hated rich white men, although he was one

Became president after Lincoln was assasinated.

Went too easy on the South. His plan was known as "Restoration" rather than Reconstruction.

Gave pardons to southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the unions, but would not pardon confederate generals, officers, and rich white men.

Anyone who owned at least $20k in property had to appeal to him personally or through a letter for a pardon.

about half of all republicans

Wanted to punish the South.

Wanted land distribution- redistribute all the land equally between landowners in the South- black or white.

Radicals would have been more successful if they had better leaders.

Took politics personally. Had a scandalous life with interracial relationships.

He wanted Lincoln to be more radical.

Liked Lincoln but thought he needed to push the South more.

Was one of the most upset men while sitting next to Lincoln's death bed.

1866

Moderate republicans' response to black codes. Stated that anyone born on American soil have the same rights as everyone else. States cannot take national rights away.

Johnson vetoed- congress overrode and wanted to build it into the constitution as the 14th amendment.

March 1867

Divided the South into 5 districts

Generals of districts get freed men to register to have the right to vote and also take the right away from confederate generals and officials. If southern states accepted the fourteenth amendment and rewrite their constitution to be accepted into the Union.

required congressional approval for the removal of officials whose appointment had required senate confirmation.

Johnson wanted to fire Stanton- secretary of war, because he implements reconstruction and he was a radical that Lincoln had picked. Wants to fire Stanton anyway. Stanton barricaded the door so Johnson couldn't get inside to fire him. Johnson violated the law, so he was impeached.

charged with 11 counts of crimes and misdemeanors

was one vote short of 2/3 vote to be impeached because the senate didn't like the man that would become the president after him.

Democrat Samuel J. Tilden vs Republican Rutherford B. Hayes

Controversy over electoral votes

Hayes wins

1.     Republicans would spend more money on internal improvement.

2.     Appoint a southerner to Hayes cabinet

3.     Pursue a policy of noninterference (home rule) in southern affairs

Democrats believed in white supremacy and limited government

Redeemers- diverse group that wanted strict racial boundaries. Allowed former confederate officers that lost the right to vote to become powerful again.

"The New South"- meant that the South was ready for industrial/economic expansion. promoted by Henry Grady.

1870s to 1900s, expansion of manufacturing

by 1880 almost 20k miles of tracks connected North to South and Farmers to Markets.

Lumber, Iron, Coal, Tobacco, and Cotton textile industries expanded.

Wages were low and conditions were harsh for workers

South was subservient to the North because they had no capital banks and less technology

1883

It's up to the states to ban discrimination. Government can stop state actions but not individual actions, like segregation of restaurants is up to the owner of the restaurant.