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| Slavery abolished (no involuntary servitude) |
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| All men 21 or older will be counted to determine representation in Congress and that no state shall make any law against the rights of its citizens. |
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| Voting rights: ALL U.S. citizens regardless of race or color. |
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VP to Abraham Lincoln.
Also his successor.
Responsible for the post-civil war reconstruction. |
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Representative of Pennsylvania
Leader of the Radical Republicans. |
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Republicans in congress that disagreed w/Lincoln's reconstruction plan.
Wanted to destroy the political power of former slaveholders. |
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Required 50% of a state's white males take a loyalty oath to be re-admitted to the Union.
States were also required to give blacks the right to vote. |
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White southerners who joined the Republican Party.
To improve their economic position. |
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Northerners who moved South after the war.
Carried small amt. of luggage in "carpetbags" |
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| Established by Congress to provide food, clothing, hospitals, legal protection and education for former slaves and poor whites in the South. |
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Landowners divided their land and assigned each head of household a few acres, along w/seed and tools.
Kept a small portion of their crops and gave the rest to the land owners. |
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| A President cannot remove cabinet officers during the term of the president who had appointed them w/o the Senate's approval. |
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Plessy V. Ferguson
(1896) |
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court case where the Supreme Court ruled that separation of the races in public areas was legal
established "seperate but equal" doctrine. |
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| Laws enacted by Souther state and local govts to separate white and plack people in public and private facilities. |
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| movement of people to lift the burden of debt from farmers and other workers. |
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| offered 160 acres of land free for any citizen. |
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the marches in which the Cherokee people were forcibly removed from Georgia to the Indian territory.
thousands of Cherokee died. |
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One of the first industrial moguls to make his own fortune.
(RAILROADS) |
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buying out the suppliers in order to control the raw materials and transportation systems.
(own everything) |
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buying out competition or merging with them
(beat out competition) |
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un-regulated marketplace
no one has a right to intervene on success and failure in business
governed by natural law |
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| complete control over its industry's production, wages, and prices. |
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banker who owned US steel
one of the most successfun holding companies (company that buys out the stock of other companies) |
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| turning stock over to a group of people who ran seperate companies as one large corporation. |
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| Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered w/free trade between states or w/other countries. |
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| owner of the Standard Oil Company |
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formed in 1869 by Uriah Stephens.
advocated "equal pay for equal work"
focused on the individual |
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| led the Cigar Maker's International Union to join w/other craft unions in 1886 (created AFL) |
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| American Federation of Labor (AFL) |
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President - Samuel Gompers
focused on collective bargaining or negotiation between reps of labor and management. |
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| attempted to form an industrial union, the American Railway Union. |
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Most of the members were unskilled or semi-skilled laborers.
w/in 2 months the membership climed to 50,000. |
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| an economic and political system based on govt control of business and property and equal distribution of wealth. |
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In May, 1886, people gathered in Chicago to protest police brutality.
Several police officers and workers died
After this, people began to turn against the labor movement. |
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| Workers at the Carnegie Steel company's Homestead Plant called a strike |
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During the panic of 1893 and the economic depression, the _____ company laid off more than 3,000 of its 5,800 employees and cut the wages of the rest by 25-50%
a strike was called in Spring 1894
company refused to negotiate and the strikers lost. |
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| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Incident |
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Definition
A fire broke out on March 25, 1911. The company had locked all but one of the exit doors (to prevent theft) and the only unlocked door was blocked by fire.
146 women died.
NY state set up a task force to study factory working conditions. |
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held an immigration station.
immigrants were examined to make sure they were healthy enough and had enough legal record to enter the US. |
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| Japan's govt agreed to limit emigration of unskilled workers to the US in exchange for the repeal of the SanFrancisco segregation order. |
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Perfected the incandescent light bulb
later invented an entire system for producing and distributing electrical power.
"Wizard of Menlo Park" |
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Interstate Commerce Commission and Act
(ICC) |
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| Established the right of the federal govt to supervise railroad activities. |
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one of the most influential members of the settlement house movement.
co-founded Chicago's Hull House in 1889 |
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| community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided asistance to people in the area, especially immigrants |
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| preached salvation through service to the poor. |
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| NYC's powerful, Democratic, political machine led by "Boss Tweed" |
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a group of corrupt politicians trying to defraud the city
broken in 1871 |
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| Settlement House movement |
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aimed to help the poor through community centers, churches and social services.
inspired more reform activities. |
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| Wrote "The History of the Standard Oil Company" which exposed the ruthlessness of John D. Rockefeller and his monopoly. |
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| Wrote "The Jungle" which told of the horrors of working in the meat packing industry. |
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| enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face another election |
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| poular election of Senators |
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leading proponant of women suffrage and their right to vote.
founded the NWSA |
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VP to President McKinley
McKinley was assassinated 6 months into his second term, making him president. |
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Urged blacks to accept discrimination
demanded immediate socal and economic equality |
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| goal was to acheive FULL equality among the races. |
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The first key anti-trust measure
Sought to strengthen the Sherman Anti-trust Act of 1890
Prohibited corporations from acquiring the stock of another if it would create a monopoly. |
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| Investigates possible violations of regulatory statutes, required reports and put an end to unfair business practices. |
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| legalized a graduated federal income tax, revenue by taxing individual earnings and corporate profits. |
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Queen of Hawaii, overthrown in 1893
Hawaii was annexed to the US. |
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Admiral in the US Navy.
Urged the US to build up its navy.
Wrote the book: "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History |
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| Stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories. |
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| Germany, Austria-Hungary w/Ottoman Empire. |
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Assasinated by a Serbian nationalist.
caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia |
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A telegram from the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico that was intercepted by British agents.
It proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany. |
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| required men to register with the govt in order to be randomly selected for military service. |
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famous fighter pilot of WWI
repeatedly fought the dreaded flying circus (German Air Squadron) and the Red Baron |
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| To help produce and conserve food, Wilson set up the Food Administration under him. |
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head of the Committee on Public Information (CPI)
Former muckraking journalist |
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| Part of Wilson's speech presented as his plan for World Peace. |
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| Wilson, Clemenceau, Lloyd George, Orlando. |
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established 9 new nations
shifted nations' boundaries after WWI |
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led opposition in Senate against the Treaty of Versailles
Wanted right of US Congress to declare war. |
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Herbert Hoover
Alfred Smith |
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| pay a small % of a stock's price as a down payment and borrow the rest |
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| Dow Jones Industrial Avg. |
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| Most widely used barometer of the stock market's health. |
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started w/the stock market crash
between '29 and '40 when the economy plummeted and unemployment increased. |
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| One of govt's chief functions was to foster cooperation between competing groups and interests in society. |
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| WWI veterans and their families who wanted the bonus they were promised for serving in the war. |
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| On October 29 (Black Tuesday) Shareholders frantically tried to sell their stock before the prices got worse. Many people lost their life savings and were in great debt. |
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| The idea that people should succeed through their own efforts. |
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