Term
| What were the debates on slavery between the Illinois Republican and Democratic candidates for the US Senate that occured in 7 towns from mid-August to mid-October know as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois' nickname? |
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Definition
The little Giant
-b/c he was very shot and plump |
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Term
| In the debates between the 2 candidates, what did Douglas accuse Lincoln of favoring and what did Lincoln accuse Douglas of supporting |
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Definition
-Douglas accused Lincoln of favoing social equality of blacks and whites (actually favored economic opportunity for whites)
- Lincoln denied this and accused Douglas of supporting the spread of slavery |
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Term
| How could the s be described by the 1850's? |
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Definition
*all changes from 1800-1850
1. The country had more than tripled in sized going from 890,000 square miles to 3,000,000 square miles
- Went from 16-31 states
- More than half of the population lived West of the Appalachians
-The US had experienced the most rapid urbanization in a half century ever
- The country was much richer, the per capita income had doubled |
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Term
| What authors were identified with the American Revolution? |
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Definition
Henry David Thoreau
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Walt Whitman
Herman Melville
Emily Dickinson
Frederick Douglas |
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Term
| Who was the author of Walden and what was the book about? |
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Definition
Henry David Thoreau
-Written during the year he spent alone at Walden Pond
-He wrote on the cost to the individual on the loss of contact with nature due to the market revolution |
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Term
| Who wrote Moby Dick and what was it about? |
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Definition
Herman Melville
-The study of the nature of good and evil and a critique of the American society in the 1850s |
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Term
| What was one of te Best-Selling novels in American History, who wrote it, and what did it critique? |
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Definition
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Author- Harriet Beecher Stowe
-It was a critique of slavery |
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Term
| What main characters appear in Uncle Tom's Cabin? |
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Definition
Uncle Tom- Elderly slave (Christlike figure)
Simon Legree- Evil white overseer
Eliza- A slave woman whose son was going to be sold away so she ran away to prevent it
Little Eva- Little white child in the slaveowner's family -grows fond of Uncle Tom |
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Term
| What does the map of the U population and settlement in 1850 show? |
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Definition
Most of the US, East of the Indian Territory had more than 6 people per square mile
- Places west of that had fewer people
-One of the least populated- South Florida
- Northen Wisconsin and Norther Michigan had less that 2 people per square mile as well as Northern Maine |
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Term
| What does the map of the Compromise of 1850 show in regard to the Mexican-American War? |
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Definition
| The territory we obtained included Utah, New Mexico, part of Texas, and Arkansas Territories |
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Term
| What are examples of how national organizations were breaking into sectional parts by 1860? |
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Definition
Churches were dividing into North and South Denominiations
-Methodists- 1844
-Presbyterians- 1837
Baptists- 1845
In 1855 the American Party split |
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Term
| What did John C. Calhoun argue in the debate preceding the Compromise of 1850? |
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Definition
- The Territories were the common property of each of the states
- Congress could not discriminate against slaveowners
- He said the Constitution had protected a oerson's right to property everywhere (slaves=property)
- Congress didn't have the right to prohibit slavery
- He said the States Rights Doctrine was a legitmate defense of minority rights |
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Term
| Who made up the older generation of sectional leaders who played a final role in the debates of 1850? |
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Definition
Henry Clay
Daniel Webster
John C. Calhoun |
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Term
| Why did the belief, that there was a southern slave owner conspiracy to make the entire country a slave county, spread among Northerners in the 1850's? |
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Definition
| The South became very defensive bout slavery, they demanded equality in the Senate, wanted the ability to vet over potential presidential candidates |
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Term
| What does the emergence of the Free Soil Party in 1848 suggest in regard to its supporters? |
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Definition
| That its supporters were advocating the rights of non-slave holding whites |
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Term
| What did Senator Seward of New York argue in regard to clavery?` |
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Definition
It was not only morally wrong, but it was also intellectually subversive for the white country
- subverted intelligence vigor os people needed to be successful
- Senator seward get reputation as an abolitionist- the Best Republican Candidate howevere they needed a mire moderate candidate |
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Term
| What did Southerners argue in support of the slave system? |
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Definition
Slavery is promoted by democracy by ensuring the vote to the qualified
- Slavery was the economic engine, that created economic prosperit |
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Term
| What did the Compromise of 1850 include? |
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Definition
California came in as a free state
- other southwest territories were to be settled by popular sovereignty
- A strong Fugitive slave law was outlawed in washington DC
- The Texas- New Mexico border dispute was settle
- The compromise had to do with California entering the union |
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Term
| Which president died suddenly during the debate over the Compromise of 1850? |
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Definition
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Term
| What law of 1850, promised in the Compromise of 1850, put the full authority of the federal government behind southern efforts to capture escaped slaves? |
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Definition
| The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 |
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Term
| What former slave was involved in the most famous case of failed resistance to the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave law? |
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Definition
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Term
| What impact did the Fugitive slave law have on blacks and on northern whites, and how rigorously did the federal government enforce it? |
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Definition
- Drove many blacks to flee to Canada
- Convinced many Northern whites that slavery was a moral wrong
- Captured slaves in North were at the mercy of slave catchers
- The Federal government DID enforce it |
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Term
| Who was the last presidential candidate the Whigs ever had? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was the election of 1852 important |
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Definition
| The disagreement at the conventions showed that the national parties were growing weaker |
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Term
| Why did Franklin Pierce win the election of 1852? |
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Definition
- Southern Whigs disapproved of their own candidate (Winfield Scott)b/c he wasn't pro-slavery
- Urban machines in the north were welcoming of immigrants
- Democrats promised to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act
- Pierce was thought to have sympathies to the South |
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Term
| What was the Ostend Manifesto? |
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Definition
- Resulted from the Pierce Administration attempting to buy Cuba from Spain
- It was a secret dispatch from 3 ambassadors to just take Cuba if the Spanish denied purchase
- Stirred up the slavery issue
- Felt it was a plot to extend slavery
- 3 ambassadors who created it= Jsmes Buchanon, John Mason, Pierre Soule |
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Term
| The efforts of Commodore Matthew Perry led to an 1854 treaty that opened trade with what previously isolationist nation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What events were representative of the expansionist sentiments of the Pierce administration? |
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Definition
- The attempt to obtain Cuba
- The takeover of the Nicaraguan government by a man names William Walkers
- Acquisition of the Gadsden Purchase from Mexico |
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Term
| What legislation, sponsored by Stephen A. Douglas, in effect repealed the Missouri Compromise in return for southern support for a transcontinental railroad to be built west of Chicago? |
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Definition
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Term
| What political party was organized partly because of the Kansas-Nebraska Act? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were "Border Ruffians"? |
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Definition
| Missourians who crossed into Kansas to cast fraudulent ballots and promote the pro-slavery cause |
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Term
| To what does the term "Bleeding Kansas" refer? |
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Definition
| The violence and killing between pro/anti-slavery forces which became open warfare in 1856 |
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Term
| Who intentionally contributed to the rising violence in Kansas? |
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Definition
- John Brown and his followers
- People who voted fraudulently
- Eastern supporters of anti-slavery people who moved to Kansas
- Missouri senator David Atchison who pubilcly urged Alabama to send armed men to Kansas for the voted |
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Term
| What situation showed how violent sectional feelings could become? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were the Know-Nothings, and how did they get that name? |
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Definition
- Members of the American Party who often belonged to secret protestant fraternal societies
- When asked about thei beliefs they would respond "I know Nothing" |
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Term
| To what does the term Nativism refer in the 1850s? |
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Definition
| The fear and hatred of immigrants |
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Term
| Why did the American Party develop? |
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Definition
- The break up of the Whig Party
- Idea that immigrants were responsible for rising crime rates
- Belief that Catholics were against reform and controlled by the pope
- Irish immigrants tended to support the democrats |
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Term
| Who were the presidential candidates in the 1856 election? |
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Definition
Democrat- James Buchanon
Southern Know-Nothing (American Party)- Millard Fillmore
Northern Republicans- John C. Fremont |
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Term
| Why did James Buchanon become the Democratic Party's Candidate in 1856? |
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Definition
- He had been an embassador to Great Britain and since he was out of the country he had not taken a stand on the Kansas Nebraska Act
- He was from the North but agreed with Southern principles |
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Term
| Why was the election of 1856 actually 2 elections? |
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Definition
- There was 1 in the North and 1 in the South because most Southern states did not even put Fremont on the ballot
- Buchanon Won |
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Term
| Who beat Charles Sumner senseless on the Senate floor in 1856? |
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Definition
| Congressman Preston Brooks |
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Term
| What resulted from the Dred Scott decision? |
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Definition
| The Supreme Court ruled that the federal government could not interfere with the free movement of property throughout the territories- Ruled that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional |
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Term
| What was the state constitution of Kansas, under which the pro-slavery territorial government applied for admission to the union in 1857, known as? |
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Definition
| The Lecompton Constitution |
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Term
| What resulted from the application of the doctrine of popular sovereignty in Kansas? |
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Definition
| Ended up with 2 territorial legislatures (neither elected) and a bogus pro-slavery constitution |
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Term
| What convinced the South that its system was superior? |
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Definition
| The Panic of 1857 showed the superiority of their system to the Southerners |
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Term
| What resulted from John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry? |
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Definition
- Made Brown a martyr for a lot of Northerners
- The raid raised the greatest fear of the Southerners (outnumbered by slaves)
- Felt secession from the Union was their only safe response |
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Term
| Who were the elite "Secret Six" who provided John Brown with financial support? |
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Definition
| Wealthy Northerners who had provided aid for John Brown: Theodore Parker, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Samuel Gridley Howe, George Sterns, Garret Smith, Franklin Sanborn |
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Term
| What does the map titled "The South Secedes" show? |
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Definition
| The Southern states divided with the low country areas voting against secession |
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Term
| To what does the term "irrepressible conflict" show? |
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Definition
| Expression of Senator William Seward-meant that the civil war was unavoidable |
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Term
| What does the map of the election of 1860 show? |
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Definition
- The only national candidate was Stephen A. Douglas
- John C. Breckinridge won the deep south
- John Bell won 3 states in the upper south and swept the lower south
- Abe Lincoln won 5 states that Republicans had lost |
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Term
| Who was the only national candidate in the election of 1860? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the Republican platform of 1860 include? |
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Definition
-The government support of economic development
- Proposal to provide free western lands to free white men (Homestead Acts)
- The Passage of a higher tariff to protect business
- Their support to build a transcontinental railroad |
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Term
| What was the first state to secede on December 20, 1861? |
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Definition
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Term
| How were southerners divided when the southern states began to secede? |
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Definition
| They were divided along upcountry and low country lines |
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Term
| When the Lower South seceded, what did Lincoln believe he should do? |
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Definition
| He believed that democracy itself was on trial and felt it would be best to wait |
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Term
| What does the constitution of the Confederate States of America suggest in regard to the primary reason that the South seceded? |
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Definition
- In February 1861, delegates from 7 states that had already left the Union in Montgomery, Alabama
- They drew up a constitution that was almost identical to USA, Called themselves the Confederate States of America
- Exceptions: they strongly supported states' rights, and it made the abolition of slavery practically impossible
- The South seceded primarily to protect slavery |
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Term
| What was the strategy of the Confederates at the Montgomery Convention? |
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Definition
- They nominated moderates as their leaders
- Mississippi Senator Jefferson Davis (President)
- Alexander Stephens of Georgia (Vice President)
- So they could claim secession was a reasonable thing to do and they said it helped out both sides |
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Term
| What do the days surrounding Lincoln's inauguration show? |
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Definition
| That he did not want to go to war, but would if necessary |
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