Term
| 10 categories of urinary tract and renal drugs |
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Definition
1) diuretic
2) cholinergic agents
3) anticholinergic
4) andrenergic antagonist
5) ACE inhibitior
6) vasodilators & Ca+ channel blockers
7) antidiuretic hormone
8) urinary acidifiers
9) xanthine oxidase inhibitors
10) urinary alkalizers |
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Term
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Definition
Loop (furosemide)
Osmotic (mannitol)
Thiazine (hydrochlorothiazide)
Potassium sparing (spironolactone)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide)
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Term
| Cholinergic agonist for incontinence |
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Definition
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Term
| Anticholinergic for urge incontinence |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Benazepril
Enalapril
Lisinopril
Captoril
Ramipril |
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Term
| Alpha adrenergic antagonist for urinary blockage or retention |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta antagonist treats mild hypertension from crf |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Ca+ channel blockers
Lowers hr and bp |
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Definition
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Term
| Antidiuretic hormone for diabetes insipidus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Methionine
Ammonium chloride |
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Term
| Xanthine oxidase inhibitor |
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Definition
Reduce uric acid formation in dalmations.
Allopurinol |
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Term
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Definition
Potassium citrate
Sodium bicarbonate
Discourage urate, CA oxolate , cysteine crystals |
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Term
| Used for spay incontinence syndrone |
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Definition
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Term
exerting high osmotic pressure in the kidney tubules and limiting tubular reabsorption.
used for oliguric renal failure, reduction of intraocular and cerebrospinal fluid (intracerebral) pressure, and rapid reduction of edema or ascites. |
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Definition
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Term
| inhibit the tubular reabsorption of sodium. Once these drugs are administered, their actions are generally rapid. Additionally, promote the excretion of chloride, potassium, and water. Some patients receiving long-term therapy may also need potassium supplementation |
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Definition
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Term
| reduce edema by inhibiting reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water |
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Definition
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Term
| have weaker diuretic and antihypertensive effects than other diuretics; therefore they conserve potassium. These agents are also referred to as aldosterone antagonists. They work by antagonizing aldosterone, an adrenal mineralocorticoid. This action enhances the excretion of sodium and water and reduces the excretion of potassium |
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Definition
| Potassium sparing diuretic |
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Term
| decreases the rate of carbonic acid and hydrogen production in the kidney, thereby promoting the excretion of solutes and increasing the rate of urinary output. These drugs also reduce intraocular pressure by reducing the production of aqueous humor and may be used in the treatment of glaucoma |
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Definition
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor |
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Term
used primarily to increase the contractility of the urinary bladder. Causes muscle contraction. |
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Definition
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Term
used for treating urge incontinence by promoting the retention of urine in the urinary bladder. Their action produces muscle relaxation. |
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Definition
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Term
relax vascular smooth muscle, enhance peripheral vasodilation, and decrease blood pressure by interrupting the actions of sympathomimetic agents at alpha-adrenergic receptor sites. In the urinary system, these drugs reduce internal sphincter tone when the urethral sphincter is in hypertonus. This action is useful in the treatment of urinary retention because of detrusor areflexia or functional urethral obstruction. Prazosin is effective in controlling moderate to severe hypertension, which may be a complicating factor in chronic renal failure. |
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Definition
| Alpha adrenergic antagonist |
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Term
inhibit the action of catecholamines and other sympathomimetic agents at beta-adrenergic receptor sites, thereby inhibiting stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. These include control of mild to moderate hypertension associated with chronic renal failure. |
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Definition
| Beta adrenergic antagonist |
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Term
block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, decrease aldosterone secretion, reduce peripheral arterial resistance, and alleviate vasoconstriction. ACE inhibitors are used to treat heart failure, hypertension, chronic renal failure, and protein-losing glomerulonephropathies in dogs and cats. |
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Definition
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Term
may be substituted for or used in combination with other medications if previous drug therapy to control hypertension fails. These drugs are used to treat nonresponding hypertension. Dopamine may be used to promote diuresis in patients unresponsive to loop or osmotic diuretics. |
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Definition
Vasodilator or Ca channel blockers
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Term
used to treat diabetes insipidus. |
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Definition
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Term
| produce acid urine, which assists in dissolving and preventing formation of struvite uroliths. |
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Definition
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Term
| decrease the production of uric acid and are used in combination with a urate calculolytic diet for the dissolution of ammonium acid urate uroliths |
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Definition
| Xanthine oxidase inhibitor |
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Term
may be used in the management of ammonium acid urate, calcium oxalate, and cystine urolithiasis. |
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Definition
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Term
| found covering the transitional epithelium of the urinary tract |
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Definition
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Term
| found covering the transitional epithelium of the urinary tract |
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Definition
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Term
| A drug that brings about a specific action by binding with the appropriate receptor. |
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Definition
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Term
| A drug that inhibits a specific action by binding with a particular receptor. |
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Definition
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Term
| The absence or lack of normal tone or strength. |
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Definition
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Term
| The class of neurotransmitters that includes dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. When given therapeutically, catecholamines mimic the effects of stimulating the sympathetic nervous system. |
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Definition
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Term
| The smooth muscle of the urinary bladder that is mainly responsible for emptying the bladder during urination. |
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Definition
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Term
| The absence of detrusor contractions. |
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Definition
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Term
| The formation of erythrocytes. |
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Definition
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Term
| A glycoprotein hormone secreted mainly by the kidney; it acts on stem cells of the bone marrow to stimulate red blood cell production. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Persistently high blood pressure. |
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Definition
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Term
| The state characterized by an increased tonicity or tension |
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Definition
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Term
| Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. |
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Definition
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Term
| Peripheral neurons whose cell bodies lie in the central gray columns of the spinal cord and whose terminations lie in skeletal muscle. A sufficient number of lesions of lower motor neurons cause muscles supplied by the nerve to atrophy, resulting in weak reflexes and flaccid paralysis. |
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Definition
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Term
| The study of the urinary (renal) system. |
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Definition
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Term
| The basic functional unit of the kidney. |
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Definition
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Term
| Excessive thirst manifested by increased water consumption. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Located behind the peritoneum. |
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Definition
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Term
| Neurons in the cerebral cortex that conduct impulses from the motor cortex to the motor nuclei of the cerebral nerves or to the ventral gray columns of the spinal column. A sufficient number of lesions of upper motor neurons interrupt the inhibitory effect that upper motor neurons have on lower motor neurons, resulting in exaggerated or hyperactive reflexes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Abnormally high concentrations of urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acid metabolism in the blood. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lack of voluntary control over the normal excretion of urine. |
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Definition
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Term
| Infection of the urinary tract. Infection may be localized or may affect the entire urinary tract. |
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Definition
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Term
| nandrolone (Durabolin) and testosterone enanthate, are capable of stimulating the production of red blood cell precursors and may increase the level of erythropoietin. |
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Definition
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Term
| has been used to treat dogs and cats for anemia associated with chronic renal failure. Because of the expense of the drug and the potential risk of the formation of antibodies |
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Definition
| human recombinant erythropoietin |
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Term
| used as a muscle relaxant for treating urinary retention in dogs |
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Definition
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Term
| sympathomimetic used for the treatment of urinary incontinence. |
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Definition
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Term
| medication used to treat hyperactive urinary bladder and urge incontinence in dogs |
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Definition
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Term
| tricyclic antidepressant used to treat urinary incontinence in dogs and cats |
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Definition
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Term
| genitourinary smooth muscle relaxant used as a urinary antispasmodic in dogs or cats. |
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Definition
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Term
| sympathomimetic used primarily for urethral sphincter hypotonus |
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Definition
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Term
| used in humans as a urinary tract analgesic. It can be bought over-the-counter |
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Definition
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Term
| Its mechanism is not fully understood. tricyclic antidepressant and anxiolytic drug with anticholinergic, antihistaminic, anti–alpha-adrenergic, antiinflammatory, and analgesic properties. It has been used extensively for the treatment of interstitial cystitis in humans. This drug has been used recently for symptomatic treatment of idiopathic feline lower urinary tract disease |
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Definition
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Term
| are found covering the transitional epithelium of the urinary tract. have the ability to keep microorganisms and crystals from adhering to the urinary bladder wall and limit the transepithelial movement of urine proteins and solutes (ionic or nonionic). Defects in these and subsequent urothelial permeability are believed to be a factor in the pathogenesis of idiopathic FLUTD |
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Definition
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Term
| has been used to reinforce urothelial GAGs and to reduce transitional cell injury. It has been used in the adjunctive treatment of feline interstitial cystitis or FLUTD. |
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Definition
| pentosan polysulfate sodium (elmiron) |
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Term
| chitosan-based nutritional supplement made from a polysaccharide extracted from crab and shrimp shells. binds phosphorus in the intestine, causing phosphorus to be eliminated through the intestinal tract. Reducing the amount of phosphorus absorbed then helps to lower the elevated levels of phosphorus noted in renal failure. |
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Definition
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Term
| has the potential to reduce the azotemia of renal failure through “enteric dialysis.” |
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Definition
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Term
| drugs contraindicated or requiring lower dose in renal patients |
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Definition
opiates, barbiturates, and tranquilizers should be reduced in uremic patients.
Xylazine (Rompun) and ketamine hydrochloride (Ketaset) are contraindicated in uremic patients. |
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