Term
| .Kidney is _____ of the body weight |
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Definition
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Term
| Kidney receives what percentage of the cardiac output? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the functional unit of the Kidney? |
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Definition
(smallest component of an organ or organ
system that can perform all of its main physiologic activities independently)
Nephron |
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Term
| What percent of the Nephrons are found in the Cortex, therefore, they are called ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
What percent of the Nephrons are in part found in the Medulla? (have what kind of structure?
therefore, they are called the |
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Definition
20%
long “Loop of Henle),
“Juxtamedullary nephrons”. |
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Term
| . How many nephrons are found in one Kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
| . The glomerulus is created by the? |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood travels away from the Glomerulus via the? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the Nephron completely surrounds the Glomerulus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Renal Corpuscle? |
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Definition
| Bowman’s capsule + Glomerulus |
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Term
| What part of the Nephron controls the process of Filtration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What substance is neither secreted not reabsorbed at the Nephron? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the components of a Nephron? |
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Definition
a. Glomerulus (Afferent & Efferent arteriole)
b. Bowman’s capsule
c. Proximal Convoluted Tubule
d. Loop of Henle
e. Distal Convoluted Tubule (Macula Densa found here)
f. Collecting duct |
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Term
. If I test for the health of the one million Renal Corpuscles that are present in one
healthy Kidney, what process will I be testing? |
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Definition
Filtration (GFR – Glomerular Filtration Rate ‐ dependents upon):
a. Effective Renal blood Flow.
b. Healthy Glomerulus
c. Healthy Bowman’s capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| It is highly convoluted tubule. At the beginning of this tube blood is filtered. The filtered blood is called the “Filtrate”. The filtrate travels through the hollow tube that is called the Nephron and eventually becomes Urine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| . Macula Densa sense the levels of |
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Definition
| Sodium and other electrolytes. |
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Term
| Where are the JG cells located? |
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Definition
| In the walls of the Afferent arteriole mostly. |
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Term
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Definition
Produce and secrete “RENIN” after stimulation from the Macula
Densa. |
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Term
| What is the JG apparatus (juxtamedullary apparatus) composed of…? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major location of the action of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)? |
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Definition
| Collecting duct via aquaporins (special receptors) |
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Term
| What is the role of the Renal Pelvis? |
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Definition
| Is a collection of tubule that simply collect Urine and coalesce together to form the Ureter. |
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Term
| What epithelium lines the Ureter and the Urinary Bladder? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the major difference in the shape of size of the Loop of Henle in Cortical &
Juxtamedullary nephrons? |
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Definition
| juxtamedullary nephrons have a long loop of Henle (Cortical nephrons have a short loop of Henle) |
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Term
| Where do I find the Vasa Recta? |
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Definition
| Following the long loop of Henle of the Juxtamedullary nephrons |
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Term
| . Normally what protein is found in the Urine? |
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Definition
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Term
| The first protein to appear in the Urine in a Kidney disease is? |
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Definition
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Term
| Net filtration pressure that aids filtration at the Renal Corpuscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is filtration an active or a passive movement? |
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Definition
Passive process that does not require
any ATP |
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Term
| What is the number of anastomosis in the Glomerulus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of the Filtrate will become Urine? |
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Definition
1000 ml of filtrate is formed,
how much will eventually becomes urine? 10 ml. Correct answer is that only 1% of the filtrate becomes Urine. |
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Term
What happens to the 99% of the filtrate within the Nephron that does not become
Urine? |
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Definition
| It is reabsorbed by the Nephron into the Interstitial space and taken up by the capillaries that line alongside the Nephron (Peritubular network of capillaries) |
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Term
| What hormone is primarily responsible for the reabsorption of Sodium? |
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Definition
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Term
| . Where is Aldosterone produced and secreted from? |
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Definition
Zona Glomerulosa of the
Adrenal Cortex |
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Term
| Who stimulates the Zona Glomerulosa? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is Angiotensin 2 produced? |
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Definition
| By the action of ACE (Angiotensin converting enzyme)on Angiotensin 1 |
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Term
| How is Angiotensin 1 produced? |
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Definition
| By the action of Renin on Angiotensinogen |
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Term
| Who produes Angiotensinogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone is responsible for the reabsorption of water from the Nephron? |
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Definition
ADH
(antidiuretic hormone) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where is ADh secreted from? |
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Definition
| Posterior Pituitary gland |
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Term
| What is excess of ADH termed? |
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Definition
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Term
| In SIADH what will happen to the urinary output? L |
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Definition
| Less urinary output, more oncentrated urine. Urine Specific gravity will be high |
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Term
| What is lack of ADH termed? |
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Definition
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Term
| . In Diabetes Insipidus what will happen to the urinary output? |
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Definition
| More urinary output,less concentrated urine. Urine Specific gravity will be low |
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Term
| Can any substance be found in the Urine that is not filtered by the Nephron? |
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Definition
| Yes by the process of Secretion |
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Term
| . What are the three zones observed in the cut section of the Kidney |
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Definition
a. Cortex (outer zone)
b. Medulla (middle zone)
c. Pelvis (inner most zone) |
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Term
| What are the three major processes that are involved in the creation of Urine by the Nephron: |
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Definition
a. Filtration
b. Reabsorption
c. Secretion |
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Term
| . Counter current multiplier exchange mechanism happens at what location? |
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Definition
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