Term
| blood vessels supplying kidneys: |
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Definition
renal artery (+several others) to
interlobular arteries to
arcuate arteries to
interlobular arteries to
afferent arterioles to
glomeruli to
efferent arterioles to
peritubular capillaries and vasa recta to
veins |
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Term
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Definition
| lobes= pyramids, between lobes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| extend upwards through cortex |
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Term
| filtrate proceeds to renal tubules from -- space, leaving -- space though opeining into tubule= |
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Definition
glomerular space
urinary pole |
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Term
| three primary regions of the nephron/renal tubules |
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Definition
proximal convoluted tubule
loop of henle
distal convoluted tubule |
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Term
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Definition
descending limb
thin ascending segment
thick ascending segment |
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Term
| proximal tubule receives: |
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Definition
| filtrate from glomerular capsule |
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Term
epithelium of the proximal tubule:
w/ extensive: |
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Definition
simple cuboidal epithelium
microvilli on apical surface
with light microscopy= brush border |
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Term
| proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs: |
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Definition
| many molecules from filtrate and return to peritubular capillaries |
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Term
| what is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule: |
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Definition
water (65%)
glucose
aa
others |
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Term
| water reabsorption % in the descending limb of loop of henle: |
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Definition
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Term
initial epithelium in the descending limb of loop of henle:
further along; |
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Definition
simple cuboidal at first
further along becomes: simple squamous |
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Term
| type of epithelium in the loop region of the loop of henle: |
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Definition
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Term
| what is reabsorbed in the ascending limb of the loop of henle? |
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Definition
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Term
type of epithelium in the ascending limb of loop of henle-
thin segment:
thick segment: |
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Definition
simple squamous epithelium
simple cuboidal epithelium |
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Term
| what is reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule? |
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Definition
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Term
epithelium in the distal convoluted tubule?
reduced:
lumen/tubule size ratio |
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Definition
simple cuboidal
brush border (few microvilli)
greater than proximal convoluted tubule |
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Term
| each collecting duct collects filtrate from |
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Definition
| distal convoluted tubules of several nephrons |
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Term
| collecting ducts are mostly involved with: |
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Definition
| regulated water reabsorption |
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Term
| collecting ducts are dependent on: |
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Definition
anti-diruetic hormone
when present, water can leave collecting ducts and be returned to peritubular capillaries |
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Term
types of epithelium in collecting ducts:
initially-
toward papillae- |
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Definition
initially simple cuboidal
toward papillae, cels become more columnar |
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Term
| mechanisms of urine production- |
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Definition
filtration
reabsorbtion
secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| filtrate of blood leaves kidney capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| most nutrients, water, and essential ions reclaimed |
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Term
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Definition
| active process of removing undesirable molecules |
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Term
| Juxtaglomerular Apparatus function in: |
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Definition
| regulation of blood pressure |
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Term
| Juxtaglomerular (=granular) cells secrete |
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Definition
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Term
| Juxtaglomerular (=granular) cells located and part of: |
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Definition
Located around afferent arterioles
Part of complex pathway involved with Na+ reabsorption |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of distal convoluted tubule |
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Term
| epithelium of macula densa- |
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Definition
| tall, closley packed cells |
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Term
| Macula densa/distal portion of convuluted tubule comes in close contact with: |
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Definition
| vascular pole of glomerular capsule |
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Term
| macula densa acts as -- to monitor- |
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Definition
| chemoreceptors; monitor solute concentration in filtrate passing through distal convoluted tubule |
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Term
| macula densa signals - to secrete- |
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Definition
| Signal juxtaglomerular cells to secrete renin if low solute concentration detected |
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Term
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Definition
| urine from kidneys to urinary bladder |
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Term
| what prevents backflow of urine? |
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Definition
| oblique entry into bladder |
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Term
| ureter mucosa epithelium: |
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Definition
| transistional epithelium (stratified) |
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Term
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Definition
two layers
inner longitudinal
outer circular |
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Term
| adventitia of the ureter epithelium: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the two layers of smooth muscle in the urinary bladder= |
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Definition
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Term
urinary bladder function:
full:
empty |
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Definition
stores and expels urine
full bladder- spherical (expands into abdominal cavity)
empty bladder- lies entirely w/in pelvis and is an upside down pyramid |
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Term
| ureters enter the urinary bladder at |
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Definition
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Term
| urachus of urinary bladder: |
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Definition
| closed, fibrous remnant of connection to umbilical cord (drains urine in fetus) |
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Term
| trigone of urinary bladder: |
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Definition
| triangle-shaped region of interior bladder; from ureter orifices to opening of urethra |
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Term
Urethra epithelium-
near the bladder:
mid urethra:
near the distal end: |
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Definition
transistions
Transitional epithelium – near the bladder
Stratified and pseudostratified columnar – mid urethra
Stratified squamous epithelium – near the distal end |
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Term
internal urethral sphincter
external- |
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Definition
Internal– involuntary smooth muscle
External– voluntarily inhibits urination; skeletal muscle |
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Term
| urethra length in females vs males |
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Definition
f= 3-4cm
m=20 cm three named regions |
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Term
| three named regions of male urethra: |
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Definition
prostatic urethra
membranous
spongy (penile) |
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Term
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Definition
| passes through the prostate gland; prostate immediately inferior to bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| through the urogenital diaphragm (sheet of muscle) |
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Term
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Definition
| passes through the length of the penis |
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