Term
| do ischemic and toxic injury occur separately |
|
Definition
| no! they work togethre like evil friends. for most toxic agents to cause disease, hypoperfusion and ischemia also need to be present and many toxins are both directly toxic and cause hypoperfusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paillary necrosis. stromal cells need prosteglandins to keep O2. w/o ischemia and hemorrhage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| renal vasoconstriction and direct toxic to tubules |
|
|
Term
| three ways tubular injury decreases GFR |
|
Definition
TG feed back with Macula Densa
increased tubular pressures
increased permeability of tubules means leakage into interstitium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pores on tubular cell membranes-leaky |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contaminated pet foods- grenn brown ccrystals form in tubule= obstruction |
|
|
Term
| name two dog breeds prone to genetic disorders which can cause tubular obstruction and tubular injury |
|
Definition
dalmations- uric acid defect, urates
newfies- cystine ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lysosomal damage to tubular epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hemeoglobin, myoglobin directly toxic to tubular epithlium. reactive ocygen species generated. vasoconstriction and ischemia follow. casts= tubular obstruction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ethylene glycol breakdown. metabolic acidosis. final product oxalic acid percipitates with calcium (calciumoxalate monohydrates) obstruction!! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bind sulfahydril groups on proteins inhibit critical cellular functions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fanconi syndrome. can't reabs glx, AA, Na, Phos, HCO3 Cl transport fucked |
|
|
Term
| how do renal tubular cells repair? |
|
Definition
| "dedifferentiate" express fetal molecules and proliferate. Give your patients supportive care! 2-3 days for repair to appear structurally on histo |
|
|
Term
| sheep can get ____ if the have goat food |
|
Definition
| copper toxicity+ renal failure from hemolysis. can happen with stress too. release Cu from liver. |
|
|
Term
| 2 types of mesangial cellls |
|
Definition
contractile/structural
phagocytic/proto-inflammatory |
|
|
Term
| does BM wrap all around capillary endothelium |
|
Definition
| no. space (the mesangium)! immune complexes stuck here!! |
|
|
Term
| what if my dog has a type IV collagen mutation? |
|
Definition
tough luck. renal failure young age.
(x lnked males) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thickened basement membrane and mesangium. deposits.
monocytes invade glom. hypercellular.
retraction of foot processes= no more filtration barrier! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
monocytes invade glom. hypercellular.
retraction of foot processes= no more filtration barrier! |
|
|
Term
| does glom dz cause problems to the other tubules or interstitium? |
|
Definition
| yeah! degeneration, necrosis, fibrosis, b/c glom disease cuases angry environment for adjacent tubules and other tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammatory, hemorrhagic, hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria, glom dz, tubularinterstitial disease (can't reabs/ hyperfiltration/tubular necrosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| often lost in glom dz. hypercoag. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prostatic antibacterial fraction. bactericidal goo! |
|
|
Term
| white spotted kidney of calves |
|
Definition
| hematogenous septicemic lesion. not acending! E. coli or Salmonella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fever, lumbar pain, vomiting, hematuria, pyuria, can see uremia if causing ARI, dairy cows have deacrease milk production. |
|
|
Term
| signs of chronic pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
| poor doer, hematuria, PU/PD. can be asymptomatic! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| right through your mucus membrane. no injury needed. sneaky buggar. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| azotemia, uremia, liver variably effected, vasculitis, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lepto lipopolysaccharide. |
|
|
Term
| abortion in sheep, sudden milk loss in dairy cow, acute hemolysis in calves. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why would a horse get chronic uveitis? |
|
Definition
| LEPTO! can be recurrent. vision loss. can happen months or years later. can also cause abortion in horses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| badass cats get infected but don't show clinical signs. |
|
|
Term
| Name a radiolucent urolith |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| predisposing factor for Calcium Oxalate uroliths |
|
Definition
| Hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hyperadrenocorticism, low dietary calcium (binds up Ox in guts poo out). little dogs and fancy cats. |
|
|
Term
| feedlot cattle get which stones? |
|
Definition
| struvite. high phosphate ration. sheeps too :( |
|
|
Term
| Sheep eating stubbly grass can get |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clover stones? urethra process impacted with Ca carbonate and organic material. estrogenic pasture. |
|
|
Term
| 65% of cats with FLUTD have... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the incidence of _____ uroliths has gone from 90--->50% whereas _______ has gone from 5--->60%. |
|
Definition
| struvites. calcium oxalate. bc of acidifying diets. disolving bone increasing Ca in urine. also increased Na Cl in diets. |
|
|
Term
| residual urine volume should not exceed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what caues detrussor-urethral dyssynergia |
|
Definition
| masses/ degeneration of reticulospinal tract. |
|
|
Term
| causes of stress incontinence |
|
Definition
| pelvic bladder, urethral dysplasia. |
|
|
Term
[image]
This dog has hard time going pee. everytime he starts he cuts off mid pee. what's going on? we put him on phenoxybenzamin. How does that work? |
|
Definition
| He's got urethral spasticity. maybe he was catheterized too long? phenoxybenzamine is a muscle relaxant. |
|
|
Term
| Oh no this dog has a flacid bladder and can't get the pee moving. what drug should we use? |
|
Definition
| bethanochol. a cholenergic agonist |
|
|
Term
| What drug should I give to a doggy with stress incontinence |
|
Definition
| Phenypropanolamine. a sympathomimetic. |
|
|
Term
| My cat has detrusor spasticity. He pees evey five minutes. What should I give him? |
|
Definition
Anticholenergic.
Propantheline, flavoxate, ocybutynin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. reduce glom hypertension.
antihypertensive
*might actually cause renal necrosis if you decrease blood flow too much. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Calcium channel blockers.
antihypertensive.
decrease activation of calcium regulated catabolism and lysosomal activity. minimize renal damage.
The drug of choice for cats.
ex: Amlodipine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a1 receptor antagonist. for hypertension |
|
|
Term
| Should I give propranolol to an asthmatic cat? |
|
Definition
| NO! B blocker for hypertension will lead to bronchoconstriction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arteriolor dilator. good in hypertensive crisis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| releases NO good for hypertensive crisis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
furosimide a loop diuretic.
Ca and K wasting.
pulmonary edema, hypercalcemia, cerebral edema, acute kidney injury.
*patients with reactions to sulfonamide abx should not get furosemide. |
|
|
Term
| But I want a diuretic that keeps all my K. and I want it to be a weak diuretic |
|
Definition
K sparing.
1.Spironolactone
2.Triamterene
3.Amiloride. |
|
|
Term
True or false:
Thiazides increase PU/PD associated with nephrogenic DI. |
|
Definition
| False! they decrease PU/PD by decreasing plasma volume and decreased GRF. More time for the proximal tubule to reabs NaCl |
|
|
Term
| I want to prevent calcium oxalate crystals in a predisposed dog. |
|
Definition
Thiazide diuretic.
Ca saving
K wasting
also decrease uric acid excretion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A thiazide diuretic. good for congestive heart failure and CaOx crystals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A CA inhibitor.
Reduces reabs of NaCl because less H around for the switcharoo.
Usually used for glaucoma.
Mountain sickness
used with acute tumor lysis to decrease K. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| filtration diuretic. weak. increases renal blood flow and inhibits reabs NaCl. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stress incontinence.
anitdepressant....
decreases NE uptake=increase sphincter tone. |
|
|
Term
1. Proprantholine bromind
2. Flavoxate HCl
3. Ocybutinin |
|
Definition
For detrusor hyperspasticity!
anticholinergic
ps flavoxates brand name: Urispas :) |
|
|
Term
| Drug of choice for detrussor atony |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
for hyper tension and urethral hyperspaz.
a-adrenergic antagonist. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypertension and urethral spaz.
a-antagonist but also modulates somatic input.
like Terazosin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sk musc relax.
good for urethral spaz. |
|
|
