Term
| When did suburbanization first begin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who were the people largely constructing the suburbs? |
|
Definition
| People who had the money to do so. Was mostly buyer/seller transaction. |
|
|
Term
| With the growth of "decentralization" and outward expansion of residences, what became more "centralized"? |
|
Definition
| Certain services, businesses, commerce in general. |
|
|
Term
| Mass suburbanization began when? |
|
Definition
| Late 1800's - late 1920's. Called "late industrial suburbanization". |
|
|
Term
| What were the characteristics of late industrial suburbanization? |
|
Definition
-Mainly private development, with not much government intervention
-Rapid growth due to railways, housing follows |
|
|
Term
| What characteristics lead Chicago to become a major US urban centre? |
|
Definition
-In the heart of the US railway network
-Surrounded by agricultural area
-Major port
-First examples of buying/selling agricultural futures |
|
|
Term
| What were "Burgress' Zones" in Chicago? |
|
Definition
| Concentric circular map surrounding central city area. "The loop" in the centre (named for the inner-city transport system), followed by the "zone in transition" (with the "factory zone" inside), then the "zone of workingmen's houses", and finally the "commuters' zone". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Specializations in assembly lines
-Mass manufacturing
-Invested in assembly line
-Paid higher wage and shorter hours so employees could afford the product and avoid trade unions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Public sector
-Said depression was from lack of consumer confidence and not spending
-FDR's New Deal
-exercise more control over industrialists
-more public services, infrastructure, and would also benefit private sector |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Continuous constellation of cities/metropolitan areas
-Boston, NY, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington
-Blurring of urban/rural
-Concentration/variety of people, things, functions, in "polynuclear" urban region |
|
|
Term
| What was the effect of megalopolis on the jobs sector? |
|
Definition
-Fewer agricultural jobs, more service or "white collar" jobs.
-Constantly increasing division of labour, more complex. |
|
|
Term
| What was the effect of megalopolis on the NY economy? |
|
Definition
-Banking, insurance, wholesale, entertainment, transport services
-Attraction f other activities: management of
corporations, retail business, travel agenices,
advertising, legal & technical counseling
-Certain types of economic activity attract other types of activity
offices, universities, research organizations |
|
|
Term
| What was the effect of megalopolis on populations? |
|
Definition
-Higher density coinciding with higher income
-Difference between day and night populations, need to consider non-farming rural population
-Greatest increases in density around major nuclei. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Power-hungry NYC planner, responsible for the cross-bronx expressway and mid + lower manhattan proposals, loved highways
-Unelected official |
|
|
Term
| Who was the author of "The Life and Death of the Great American City"? |
|
Definition
Jane Jacobs
-Editor of architecture magazine
-Disdained many conventional planning ideas
-In conflict with Moses over mid and lower Manhattan expressways because they would've gone through her neighbourhood |
|
|
Term
| What was Moses' way of thinking? |
|
Definition
-Top-down approach
-Didn't believe in participatory democracy
-Saw himself as an expert,held PhD in public policy
-"Modernist" approach
-Called building in NY "like hacking your way with a meat axe"
-Large-scale
-Racist |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of the "modernist" planning approach? |
|
Definition
-Replace the existing with clean lines, "modern" buildings.
-Robert Moses
-Rejected in 60's/70's |
|
|
Term
| What was Jane Jacobs' way of thinking? |
|
Definition
-Had no time for experts, more casual observation
-Organic, incremental, bottom-up, socially concious |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The "gentry" (rich) re-occupying older neighbourhoods. It is commonly believed that this results in the poorer native residents of the neighbourhood, being unable to pay increased rents, house prices, and property taxes, being displaced. Often old industrial buildings are converted to residences and shops. |
|
|
Term
| What was the Pruitt-Igoe housing project? |
|
Definition
-Designed by Minoru Yamasaki
-Groundbreaking modernist low-income housing project, won architectural awards
-Large, monolithic structures, all identical
-St. Louis
-Was torn down, seen as the end of the modernist era. |
|
|
Term
| What was seen as the end of the modernist era? |
|
Definition
| The destruction of the Pruitt-Igoe housing project. |
|
|
