Term
| 1. Radial nerve lesion in axilla: |
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Definition
| Improper crutch use. Loss of elbow extension; wrist drop; loss of digital extension. Widespread sensory disturbances of posterior arm and forearm and dorsal hand (pain, paresthesia, numbness) especially in autonomous area. |
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Term
| 2. Radial groove lesion: Callus from fracture or acute fracture of humerus through radial groove; |
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Definition
| tumor of radial groove, etc. Wrist drop and loss of digital extension with dorsal hand sensory disturbances, especially in autonomous area (and possibly posterior forearm). “Park bench palsy”: Compression of nerve in radial groove because of improper body position with sleep or anesthesia. |
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Term
| 3. Entrapment in lateral intermuscular septum: |
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Definition
| Wrist drop and loss of digital extension with dorsal hand sensory disturbances, especially in autonomous area. |
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Term
| 4. Entrapment in radial tunnel:1) Between Brachialis and Brachioradialis: |
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Definition
| Loss of digital extension; dorsal hand sensory disturbances? (especially in autonomous area) |
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Term
| 4. Entrapment in radial tunnel: 2) Middle of tunnel, between mobile wad fibrous bands and tunnel floor : |
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Definition
| Loss of digital extension; dorsal hand sensory disturbances? (especially in autonomous area) |
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Term
| 4. Entrapment in radial tunnel:3) Distal end of tunnel; |
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Definition
| Leash of Henry (radial recurrent vessels) compress posterior interosseous nerve resulting in loss of digital extension. |
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Term
| 5. Entrapment under arcade of Frohse or within supinator canal (posterior interosseous syndrome/supinator syndrome): |
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Definition
| loss of digital extension (supinator muscle is often spared). |
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Term
| Innervation of the radial nerves (proximal to distal) |
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Definition
| brachioradialis, ext. carpi radialis longus, ext carpi radialis brevis, supinator, ext. digitorum communis, ext. carpi ulnaris, ext. digiti minimi, abductor pollicis longus, ext. pollicis brevis, ext. pollicis longus, ext. indicis proprius, sensory terminal to dorsal wrist and joint capsule (goes through the 4th comp. of externor retinaculum) |
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Term
| externsor retinaculum compartments |
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Definition
1. abductor pollicis longus, ext. pollicis brevis
2. ext. carpi radialis longus and brevis
3. ext. pollicis longus
4. ext. digitorum communis and ext. indicis propius
5. ext. digiti minimi
6. ext. carpi ulnaris |
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Term
| Posterior forearm superficial muscles |
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Definition
| ext. carpi radialis longus, ext. carpi radialis brevis, ext. digitorum communis,ext. digiti minimi ext. carpi ulnaris |
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Term
| Deep Posterior forearm muscles |
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Definition
| Supinator, Abductor pollicis longus, ext. pollicis brevis, ext. pollicis longus, ext. indicis propius |
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Term
| radial nerve innervation: 2 muscles |
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Definition
| brachioradialis, and ext carpi radialis longus |
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Term
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Definition
| Ext. carpi brevis and supinator |
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Term
| Posterior Interosseous Nerve |
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Definition
| Ext. digitorum communis, ext. carpi ulnaris, ext. digiti minimi, abductor pollis longus, ext. pollicis brevis, ext. pollicis longus, ext. indicis proprius, Sensory terminal to dorsal wrist joint capsule |
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Term
| Superficial Radial Nerve innervates this on the posterior side |
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Definition
| Autonomous area of superficial br. Dorsal web space between thumb and index finger |
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Term
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Definition
| pronator teres, Flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, first two lumbricals, opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis |
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Term
| Anterior Interosseous Terminal Nerve |
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Definition
| provides sensory innervation to the volar wrist joint capsule |
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Term
| Anterior Interosseous Nerve muscle innervation |
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Definition
| Flexor digitorum profundus to the index and middle fingers, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus |
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Term
| Rami (spinal nerve) level of abduction of the shoulder |
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Definition
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Term
| Ventral rami involved in elbow flexion |
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Definition
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Term
| Ventral rami involved in Elbow extension |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal nerves for extension and flexion of the wrist |
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Definition
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Term
| Lateral cords gives rise to |
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Definition
| musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve (also has contributions from the medial cord) |
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Term
| Extension and thumb abduction is conducted by what spinal nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| Supination of the wrist is done by what spinal nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| Pronation of the wrist is done by what spinal nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| Pronator teres insertion and origin |
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Definition
O:1. Medial Epicondyle (humerus), Coronoid process of ulna
I: Middle later surface of the radius |
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Term
| Flexor Carpi Radialis Origin and insertion |
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Definition
O: Medial epicondyle
I: Base of 2nd metacarpal |
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Term
| Palmaris longus Origin and Insertion |
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Definition
| O:Medial epicondyle I: Distal ½ of Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis |
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Term
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Origin and insertion |
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Definition
O: Medial epicondyle
I: Ulna Pisiform bone, and hook of Hamate, 5th metacarpel |
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Term
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Origin and insertion |
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Definition
O: Medial epicondyle
I: Ulna Pisiform bone, and hook of Hamate, 5th metacarpel
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis 1. Medial epicondyle
2. Coronoid process of ulna
3. Superior ½ of Anterior border of the radius Bodies of the middle phalanges |
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Term
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus Origin and insertion |
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Definition
| O: Proximal ¾ of medial ulna, anterior surface of ulna, interosseus membrane I: Middle Phalanges of medial 4 digits |
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Term
| Flexor Pollicis longus Origin and insertion |
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Definition
O: Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrance
I:Base of distal phalanx of thumb |
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Term
| Pronator Quadratus Origin and insertion |
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Definition
O: Distal ¼ of anterior surface of ulna
I: Distal ¼ of anterior surface of radius |
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Term
| Intrinsic muscles of the thumb |
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Definition
| Opponens Pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, oppponens digiti minimi, lumbricals |
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Term
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Definition
| Flexor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and longus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Axiallary nerve cord and spinal nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| Musculocutaneous nerve cord and Spinal nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| Median Nerve cord and spinal nerves |
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Definition
| medial and lateral cords, C6-T1 |
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Term
| Ulnar nerve cord and spinal nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| Branches of the Axillary Artery |
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Definition
I: Supreme thoracic Artery
II: Thoracoacromial and Lateral thoracic Arteries
III:Subscapular and Posterior humeral circumflex Arteries |
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Term
| Branches of the brachiel artery and areas they supply |
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Definition
| Deep brachial and collateral aa.: Arm and elbow |
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Term
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Definition
| Common interosseous artery, anterior and posterior interosseous |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| upper lateral arm over deltoid |
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Term
| C6 dermatome terminal branch |
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Definition
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Term
| C7- dermatome terminal branch |
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Definition
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Term
| Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve |
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Definition
| medial cord collateral, C8, T1 |
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Term
| Long Thoracic Nerve innervates |
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Definition
| Serratus anterior (C5,C6,C7). Keeps vertebral border of scapula fixed at the “scapulothoracic joint”; upwardly rotates glenoid fossa with abduction and elevation of upper limb (scapulohumeral rhythm). |
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Term
| Injury of Long Thoracic Nerve |
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Definition
| Injury with prolonged heavy backpack; axillary lymphadenectomy. Paralysis: winging of vertebral border of scapula with pushing; unable to elevate or abduct arm >90° |
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Term
| Later Intermuscular septum separates |
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Definition
| anterior (volar; palmar) and posterior (dorsal) for the upper limb |
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Term
| Upper limb venous drainage |
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Definition
| Radial and Ulnar veins drain in to he brachial vv., that then drains into the baslic vein, then to the axillary veins (which also revices deoxygenated blood form the cephalic veins, finally to drain into the subclavian veins |
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Term
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Definition
| from C8- T1, to the medial cord, passes through the intramuscular septum, the arcade of struthers, retrocondrayl groove, cubital tunnel, through the two head of the flexor carpi ulnaris, gets to the wrist, then enters the ulnar tunnel (Guyon's tunnel) then innervates the pinky and the adjacent side of the ring finger |
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Term
| the interosessous muscles of the digits are innervated by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ulnar nerve compression: loss of fine extension of the digits (interossesous muscles) and thumb cannot fully adduct because the adductor pollicis muscle is paralzyed |
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Term
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Definition
| Lower Trunk Injuries: Trauma to the upper trunk (C8, T1) by forceful hyperabduction and traction of upper limb. |
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Term
| Horner's Syndrome and how it results from Lower trunk lesions C8-T1 (brachial plexus) |
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Definition
| Horner's syndrome: miosis (constricted pupil), ptosis (droopy eye) and anhidrosis (loss of sweat) ipsilateral that the Lower trunk lesion exsists. this occurs because ouflow of sympathetic trunk stops at T1. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Posterior cord gives rise to |
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Definition
| axiallary nerve and radial nerve |
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Term
| Medial cord gives rise to |
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Definition
| the Ulnar nerve and part of the median nerve (the other part coming from the lateral cord) |
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Term
| Paget-Schroetter Syndrome |
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Definition
| compression of the axillary vein; clavian axillary junction where the vein crosses over the first rib in the costoclaviculsr cannal |
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Term
| route of musculocutaneous nerve |
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Definition
| comes form the lateral cord (C5,6,7), It penetrates the Coracobrachialis muscle and passes obliquely (inferior, lateral angle) between the Biceps brachii and the Brachialis, to the lateral side of the arm; a little above the elbow it pierces the deep fascia lateral to the tendon of the Biceps brachii and is continued into the forearm as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm. |
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Term
| innervation of the musculocutaneous nerve |
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Definition
| In its course through the arm it innervates the Coracobrachialis, Biceps brachii, and the greater part of the Brachialis. |
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Term
| Ulnar bursa and potential spread of infections |
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Definition
In most patients, the radial and ulnar bursae do not communicate.The ulnar bursa gives rises to the synovial tendon sheaths of the pinky;
Deep puncture wounds of the volar little finger carry a slightly greater significance of bacterial tenosynovitis and midpalmar space abscess compared to other digits because of the ulnar bursa continuation into the pinky |
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Term
| Ulnar nerve innervation in the forearm |
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Definition
| flecor carpi ulnaris, and half of the flexor digitorum profundus |
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Term
| Route of Ulnar nerve through the wrist |
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Definition
| Passes superficial to the flexor retinaculum in the ulnar canal (Guyon's canal) |
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Term
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Definition
| ulnar canal between the pisiform bone and the hook of hamate bone in the anterior wrist |
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Term
| Ulnar nerve motor innervation in the hand |
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Definition
| comes form the deep branch of the ulnar nerve; innervates the opponens digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, adductor pollicis muscle, VIP: DORSAL AND PALMAR INTEROSSEOUS muscles |
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Term
| Injuries to Ulnar nerve will result in what motor deficits |
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Definition
| lack of fine motor control for extension (like typing) because of paralysis of the interosseous muscles of the hand and the flexor digitorum profundus pull from little and middle fingers (claw hand) |
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Term
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Definition
| Failure of thumb, index and usually middle finger to flex into fist.because of a lesion in the proximal median nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| Median nerve, 4 tendons of the flexor carpi superficialis, 4 tendons of the flexor carpi profundus, and flexor pollicis longus |
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Term
| most important wrist extensors |
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Definition
| extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis (C6, C7...radial nerve) |
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Term
| The single best test for a radial nerve lesion |
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Definition
| is having the patient dorsally raise the thumb from a flat surface (extensor pollicis longus). The patient will not be able to perform this test with a severe radial nerve lesion. |
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Term
| Posterior Interosseous nerve supplies |
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Definition
| It supplies all the muscles on the radial side and dorsal surface of the forearm, Brachioradialis, Extensor carpi radialis longus (which is done by the radial nerve) |
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Term
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Definition
| Entrapment of superficial radial nerve as it emerges between the tendons of the brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus |
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Term
| de Quervain’s tenosynovitis |
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Definition
| inflammation of the tendon sheaths in first extensor compartment of the wrist |
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Term
| Muscles of the anterior arm |
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Definition
| biceps crachii muscle, coracobrachialia muscle, and the brachialis muscle |
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Term
| origins of the Biceps brachii muscle |
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Definition
short head: coracoid process
long head: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula |
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Term
| Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve location |
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Definition
| cutaneous branch of the median nerve; emerges just lateral (radial) to the biceps brachii muscle and tendon in the cubital fossa |
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Term
| triceps brachii muscle origin and insertion, innervation and action |
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Definition
Origin of 3 heads:
1. Long head - Lower part of the glenoid cavity of the scapula
2. Lateral head - Upper half of the posterior surface of the humerus
3. Medial head - Lower 2/3 of the posterior surface of the humerus
Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna
innervation: radial nerve
Action: extension of the elbow |
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Term
| The olecranon process of the ulnae |
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Definition
| where the ticeps brachii insert; is a large, thick, curved bony eminence of the forearm that projects behind the elbow. |
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Term
| if untreated, what muscle atrophies as a rsult of carpel tunnel syndrome |
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Definition
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