Term
| What are the 4 parts of the upper limb? |
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Definition
| Shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand |
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Term
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Definition
| Pyramidal shaped area formed by m. and bones of the shoulder and the lateral surface of the thoracic wall |
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Term
| What is the cubital fossa? |
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Definition
| Triangular shaped depression formed by m. anterior to the elbow joint |
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Term
| What is the carpal tunnel? |
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Definition
| Gateway to the palm of the hand, an arch made up of carpal bones in the proximal hand |
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Term
| What is the pectoral girdle? |
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Definition
| The shoulder formed by the clavicle and scapula. The region of upper limb attachment to the trunk |
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Term
| What is the only bony attachment of the upper limb to the trunk and what type of movement does it allow? |
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Definition
Sternoclavicular joint - occurs between the proximal end of the clavicle and the clavicular notch of the manubrium. Allows movement of the clavicle in the anteroposterior and vertical planes with some rotation.
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Term
| What is the acromioclavicular joint and what movement does it allow? |
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Definition
| A small synovial joint between an oval facet on the medial surface of the acromion and a similar facet on the acromial end of the clavicle. Allows for movement in the anteroposterior and vertical planes together with some axial rotation |
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Term
| What is the glenohumeral joint and what movements does it allow? |
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Definition
| Synovial ball and socket articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula. Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, and circumduction. |
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Term
| Name the m. of the shoulder and their general function. |
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Definition
| Trapezius, deltoid, levator scapulae, and rhomboid major and minor. They connect the scapula and clavicle to the trunk. |
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Term
| What is the innervation of the trapezius? |
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Definition
| Motor part of the accesory nerve (XI) |
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Term
| What is the function and innervation of the deltoid? |
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Definition
| Attaches the scapula and clavicle to the humerus and is a major abductor of the arm. Innervated by the axillary n. |
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Term
| What is the function of the levator scapulae? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the rhomboids and what is their innervation? |
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Definition
| Elevates and retracts the scapula. Innervated by dorsal scapular n. |
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Term
| What are the m. of the posterior scapular region and what is their general function? |
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Definition
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major and minor, and long head of the triceps brachii.
Attach the scapula, clavicle, and body wall to the proximal end of the humerus. |
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Term
| What is the function and innervation of the supraspinatus m.? |
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Definition
| Initiates abduction of the arm and innervated by the suprascapular n. |
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Term
| What is the function and innervation of the infraspinatus m.? |
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Definition
| Laterally rotates the humerus and is innervated by the suprascapular n. |
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Term
| What is the function and innervation of the infraspinatus m.? |
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Definition
| Laterally rotates the humerus and innervated by the subscapular n. |
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Term
| What is the function and innervation of the teres major m.? |
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Definition
| Medially rotates and extends the humerus and innervated by the inferior subscapular n. |
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Term
| What is the function and innervation of the teres minor? |
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Definition
| Laterally rotates the humerus and innervated by the axillary n. |
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Term
| What is the function and innervation of the triceps brachii m.? |
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Definition
| Extends the forearm at the elbow and innervated by the radial n. |
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Term
| What are the m. of the anterior wall of the axilla? |
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Definition
| Pectoralis major, subclavius, and pectoralis minor |
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Term
| What is the function and innervation of the m. of the anterior wall of the axilla? |
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Definition
| Flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of the arm. Innervated by the lateral and medial pectoral n. |
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Term
| What is the function and innervation of the subclavius m.? |
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Definition
| Pulls the tip of the shoulder down and pulls the clavicle medially. Innervated by the n. to the subclavius. |
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Term
| What is the function and innervation of the pectoralis minor m.? |
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Definition
| Pulls the tip of the shoulder down and protracts the scapula. Innervated by the medial pectoral n. |
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Term
| What is the m/ of the medial wall of the axilla? What is its function and innervation? |
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Definition
| Serratus anterior - pulls the scapula forward over the thoracic wall and facillitates scapular rotation. Innervated by the long thoracic n. |
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Term
| What are the m. of the lateral wall of the axilla? |
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Definition
| Subscapularis, teres major, latissiumus dorsi, and long head of the triceps brachii m. |
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Term
| What is the function and innervation of the subscapularis m.? |
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Definition
| Helps stabilize the glenohumeral joint. Innervated by upper and lower subscapular n. |
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Term
| What is the function and innervation of the latissimus dorsi? |
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Definition
| Adduction, medial rotation, and extension at the glenohumeral joint. Innervated by the thoracodorsal n. |
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Term
| What m. make up the contents of the axilla? |
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Definition
| Biceps brachii and coracobrachialis |
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Term
| What is the function and innervation of the biceps brachii m.? |
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Definition
| flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint and a supinator in the forearm. Innervated by the musculocutaneous n. |
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Term
| What is the function and innervation of the corachobrachialis m.? |
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Definition
| Flexes the arm at the glenohumeral joint. innervated by the musculocutaneous n. |
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Term
| What m. make up the rotator cuff and what is its function? |
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Definition
| Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor. It connects the scapula to the humerus and provides support for the glenohumeral joint. |
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Term
| What are the surfaces and borders of the scapula? |
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Definition
2 surfaces - costal and superior
3 borders - superior, lateral, and medial |
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Term
| What are the angles and processes of the scapula? |
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Definition
3 angles - lateral, superior, and inferior
3 processes - acromion, spine, and coracoid process |
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Term
| Name the 3 surfaces of the shoulder. |
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Definition
| Quadrangular space, triangular space, and triangular interval |
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Term
| What are the borders of the quadrangular space and what passes through it? |
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Definition
| Inferior margin of the teres minor, superior margin of the teres major and lateral margin of the long head of the triceps brachii. Axillary n. and posterior circumflex a. pass through it. |
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Term
| What are the borders of the triangular space and what passes through it? |
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Definition
| Inferior border of the teres minor, superior margin of the teres major and the medial margin of the long head of the triceps brachii m. The circumflex scapular a. and v. pass through it. |
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Term
| What are the borders of the triangular interval and what passes through it? |
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Definition
| The lateral margin of the long head of the triceps brachii m., inferior margin of the teres major m., and the shaft of the humerus. The radial n. and the profunda brachii a. and v. pass through it. |
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Term
| What is compartment syndrome? |
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Definition
| When something inside in one of the compartments expands, the fascia won't give and the pressure build up can cause ischemia and necrosis |
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Term
| What are the m. of the anterior compartment of the arm and what type of movement do they produce? |
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Definition
Coracobrachialis, brachialis, and biceps brachii.
Flexor m. that produce flexion at the elbow |
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Term
| What innervates the m. of the anterior compartment of the arm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What provides the blood supply to the m. of the anterior compartment of the arm? |
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Definition
| Branches from the brachial a. |
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Term
| What are the m. of the posterior compartment of the arm? What is their function? |
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Definition
| Triceps (3 heads) - extension of the forearm at the elbow |
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Term
| What provides the blood supply to the posterior compartment of the arm? |
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Definition
| Brachial a. from the axillary a. from the subclavian a. The brachial a. gives off a branch called the profunda brachii which supplies the posterior compartment and terminates into collateral vessels |
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Term
| What innervates the m. of the posterior compartment of the arm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the layers of the m. of the anterior compartment of the forearm and what is their main function? |
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Definition
| Superficial, intermediate, and deep layers. Flex the wrist and fingers and pronate the hand. |
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Term
| What are the m. of the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm? What innervated them? |
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Definition
| Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and pronator teres m. All innervated by the median n., except the flexor carpi ulnaris which is innervated by the ulnar n. |
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Term
| What is the m. of the intermediate compartment of the forearm and what innervates it? |
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Definition
| Flexor digitorum superficialis m., median n. |
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Term
| What are the m. of the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm? |
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Definition
| Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus. Innervated by the median n. except the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus which is innervated by the ulnar n. |
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Term
| What are the layers of the posterior compartment of the forearm and what is their general function? |
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Definition
| Superficial and deep layers. Extend the wrist and fingers and supinate the hand. |
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Term
| What are the m. of the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm? What are they innervated by? |
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Definition
| Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, and anconeus. Innervated by the radial n. |
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Term
| What are the m. of the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm? What are they innervated by? |
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Definition
| Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicus brevis, and extensor indicis. Innervated by the radial n. |
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Term
| What are the 3 regions that contain the intrinsic m. of the hand? |
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Definition
| Thenar eminence, hypothenar eminence, and interthenar eminence |
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Term
| What are the m. of the thenar eminence and the movement of what are they involved with? |
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Definition
| Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, and adductor pollicis m. Involved with the movement of the thumb (1st finger) |
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Term
| What are the flexor and extensor retinacula and what is their function? |
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Definition
| Deep fascia that surrounds the wrist, holds the tendon of the flexor and extensors close to the wrist and accounts for why the wrist either flexes or entends at the wrist joint. |
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Term
| What is the palmar aponeurosis? |
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Definition
| Formed from deep fascia, covers the soft tissues in the hand. A continuation of the flexor retinacula inferiorly |
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Term
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Definition
| Fibrous sheaths lined by synovial membranes. They facillitate the movement of the flexor tendons in the hand. |
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Term
| What provides the blood supply to the intrinsic m. of the hand? |
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Definition
| radial and ulnar a. which anastamose to form 2 vascular arches inside the hand (deep and superficial) |
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Term
| What innervates the intrinsic m. of the hand? |
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Definition
| General sensation from radial, ulnar, and median n. (RUM). Motor supply is the ulnar n. except the 3 thenar m. and 3 lateral lumbricales which are innervated by the median n. |
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Term
| Name the m. of the hypothenar region of the hand and their function. |
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Definition
Palmaris brevis, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi (brevis), and opponens digiti minimi.
Involved with the movement of the little finger (5th) |
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