Term
| What does the greater trochanter of the femur provide insertion for? |
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Definition
| Gluteus medius, minimus, piriformis and obturator internus |
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Term
| What does the lesser trochanter provide an insertion for? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| It is a fracture of the lower end of the fibula, often accompanied by fracture of the medial malleolus or rupture of the deltoid ligament. It is caused by forced eversion of the foot. |
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Term
| What might be injured in a fracture of the fibular neck? |
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Definition
| Such a fracture may cause an injury to the common peroneal nerve, which winds lateraly around the neck of the fibula. This injury results in paralysis of all muscles in the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg (dorsiflexors and evertors of the foot), causing foot drop. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is an alteration of the angle made by the axis of the femoral neck to the axis of the femoral shaft so that the angle exceeds 135 degrees, and thus the femoral neck beomes straighter |
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Term
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Definition
| It is an alteration of the angle made by the axis of the femoral shaft so that the angle is less than 135 degrees, and thus the femoral neck becomes more horizontal. |
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Term
| What is the iliofemoral ligament? |
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Definition
It is the largest and most important ligament that reinforces the fibrous capsule of the hip joint anteriorly and is in the form of an inverted Y. It is attached proximally to the anterior-inferior ilical spine and the acetabular rim and distally to the intertrochanteric line and the front of the greater trochanter of the femur. Resists hyperextension and lateral rotation at the hip joint during standing. |
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Term
What is the lateral and medial sacral arteries branches of? What is the obturator artery a branch of? |
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Definition
Deep femoral artery Internal iliac artery |
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Term
| Although the knee joint resembles a hinge joint, it is in fact not. What kind of joint is it? |
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Definition
| It is a condylar type of synovial joint. In addition, it includes a saddle joint between the femur and the patella |
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Term
| What is the anterior cruciate ligament? |
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Definition
IT arises from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia and passes upward, backward and laterally to insert into the medial surface of hte lateral femoral condyle. It prevents forward sliding of hte tibia on the femur (or posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia). It prevents hpyer extension of the knee joint. It is taut during extension. |
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Term
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Definition
Arises from the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia and passes upward, forward, and medially to insert into the lateral surface of ht emedial femoral condyle. Prevents backward sliding of the tibia on the femur (or anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia) and limits hyperflexion of the knee. It is taut during flextion and lax during extension. |
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Term
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Definition
Anterior Drawer sign is a forward sliding of the tibia onto the femur due to rupture of the ACL. Posterior Drawer sign is a backward sliding of the tibia onto the femur due to rupture of the PCL. |
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Term
| Which tears more frequently: the medial or lateral meniscus? |
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Definition
| The medial meniscus tears more frequently due to its attachment to the tibial collateral ligament. |
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Term
| What is the unhappy triad? |
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Definition
Occurs when a football player's cleated shoe is planted in the turf and the knee is struck from the lateral side. Results in rupture of the tibial collateral ligament due to excessive abduction, tearing of the ACL due to forward displacement of the tibia and injury to the medial meniscus due to its attachment to the tibial collateral ligament. |
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Term
| What is the patellar endon reflex? |
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Definition
| Tap on the patellar tendon elicits extension of the knee joint. Both afferent and efferent limbs of the reflex are in the femoral nerve (L2-L4). |
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