French and Indian War

What was it about? What officially ended the war? How did the war cause colonial unity?

The French and Indian war was fought between France and England over territorial claims in North America. the treaty of Paris officially ended the war, and caused colonial unity as the colonies decided to create a grand council to deal with military issues.

Industrial Revolution

What was it? How did it begin? How did industrialization in the North effect people?

A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in the manufacturing and production that began in the mid 1700's.It began with the introduction of machines into textile mills, and it caused the North to become an economic powerhouse.

The Adams-Onis Treaty

What was it?

Under this treaty the United Dtates acquired Florida and established a firm boundary between the Louisianna Purchase and Spanish territory. The treaty alos allowed American settlers to travel to Oregon for 10 years

Harriet Tubman

Who was she? What did she help support?

African American abolitionist who escaped slavery and assisted other enslaved Africans to escape. She was a famous Undegrground Railroad conductor.

Trancendentalism

Define.

The belief that knowledge is not found only by observation of the world but also through reason, intuition and personal spiritual experiences.

The Second Great Awakening

Define.

A period of religious evangelism that began in the 1970s and became widespread in the united States by the 1830s

Manifest Destiny

Define.

A belief shared by many Americans in the mid-1800s that the United States should expand across the continent to the Pacific ocean.

Dawes Act

What was it? How did it encourage people to move west?

Legislation passed by congress that split up Indian reservation lands among individual Indians and promised them citizenship. It encouraged people to move West by promising Indians land if they moved west, allowing Americans to move into the lands previously inhabited by the Indians.

Homestead Act

What was it? How did it encourage people to move West?

A law passed by congress to encourage settlement in the West by giving government-owned land to small farmers. It encouraged farmers to move West with the incentive of land.

Enterpenuer

Define.

Risk taker who starts new ventures within the economic system of capitailism.

Andrew Carnegie

Who was he?

American industrialist and humanitarian; He focused his attention on steelmaking and made a fortune through his vertical integration method.

George Pullman

Who was he? What did he create?

American business leader who made a fortune in the railroad business by designing and building railroad cars including a sleeper car.

John D. Rockefeller

Who was he? How did he increase profits?

American industrialist and philanthropist; He made a fortune in the oil business and used vertical and horizonatl integration to esablish a monopoly on the steel business.

Corenelious Vanderbilt

Who was he?

American business leader who controlled the New York Central Railroad and up to 4,500 miles of railroad track.

Americanization

Define.

Process in which immigrants were forced to abandon their traditional cultures and adopt the culture of white America.

Credit Mobilier

What was it? What was it used for?

 Credit Mobiler was a company set up by the Union Pacific Railroad to funnel money to the stockholders including members of Congress and the vice president.

Fredrick Law Olmstead

Who was he? What did he create?

Landscape architect that created Centeral park in New York.

Political Machines

What were they? What was the most notorious one?

Organizations of professional politicians, the most notorious one was Temmany Hall in New York City.

Populist Party

Define.

A political party formed in 1892 that supported free coinage of silver, work reforms, immigration restrictions, and government ownership of railroads and telegraph and telephone systems.

Robert M. La Follette

Who was he?

Pogressive American politician; he was active in local Wisconsin issues and challenged party bosses. As govenor, he began the eform program called the Wisconsin Idea to make state government more professional.

Charles Evans Hughes

Who was he?

American politician who served as secretary of state aand participated in the WWashington Naval Conference. He served as chief justice on the Supreme Court and helped the court deal with cotrovesial New Deal laws.

Prohibition

Define.

A ban on alcohol that became law in 1920: the ban was lifted in 1933.

Susan B. Anthony

Who was she? What did she fight for? Why was she arrested?

American social reformer; She was active in the temperance abolitionist and Women's suffrage movements and co organizer and president of the National Woman Suffrage Association.

Eighteenth Ammendment

What did it do?

Outlawed the production and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States.

Theodore Roosevelt

Who was he? What was his square deal?

Twenty-Sixth president of the United States; he focused his efforts on trust busting, enviromental policy, and strong foreign policy.

Nineteenth Ammendment

What did it do?

Gave women the right to vote.

Isolationism

Define.

A policy in which a nation avoids entanglement in foreign wars.

Communism

Define.

A system of government in which there is no private property and there are no economic classes.

Harlem Renaissance

What was it?

A blossoming of African American art and literature that began in the 1920s

Langston Hughes

Who was he?

African American poet who described the rich culture of African American life using rythymsinfluenced by jazz music. He wrote of African American hope and defiance, as well as the culture of Harlem and also had a major impact on the Harlem Renaissance.

Zora Neale Hurston

Who was she?

African American writer and folklore scholar who played a key role in the Harlem Renaissance.

D.W. Griffith

Who was he?

Gross National Product

Define.

The total value of all goods and services produced in a nation.

Buying on Margin

Define.

Buying stocks with loans from brokers.

Joseph Stalin

Who was he?

Totaltarian dictator of the Soviet Union; He used violent crackdowns on his political enemies to strengthen his control. He led the Soviet Union throught World War II and created a powerful soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe after the war.

Benito Mussolini

Who was he?

Italian Facist leader, he ruled as Italy's dictator for more than 20 years beginning in 1922 and made Italy a totaltarian state. His alliance with Adolf Hitler brought Italy into World War II.

Totaltarian

Define.

A form of government in which the person or party in charge has absolute control over all aspects of life.