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| After fall of Olmecs (From 900 bc-400BC), Oaxaca Valley, fertile soil, mild climate, adequate rainfall, lived in scattered villages until 1000 BC, San Jose Mogote rose as main power source, built temples and stone platforms, 500 bc developed writing and calendar systems. Monte Alban first urban city in Americas, Zapotec controlled the valley for 1000+ yrs, decline began after 600 ad |
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| Northern Coast of Peru, surrounded by rivers, ad 100-700, impressive irrigation systems, crops of corn beans potatoes squash and peanuts, wide range of food, enormous wealth, jewelry w/ gold, silver, and semiprecious stones, brilliant ceramic artists |
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| Four corners region, cliff dwellings built on mesa, living in pueblos by 900 ad, Pueblo Bonito begun around 900; housed 1000, 600 rooms, most pueblos abandoned in 1200, possibly b/c of drought |
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| Stretched from southern Mexico to northern central America, included highlands(S) and lowlands, dry land and dense steamy jungles(N), began same time Olmecs did, 1200-400bc, burst into flourishing civ around 250 ad, 250-900 ad was classical period, created Tikal and other cities, independent city-states ruled by god-king, cities had giant pyramids and temples, palaces, and stone carvings dedicated to gods, every city found had extraordinary architecture, all had ball courts, to maintain cycles of the sun and the moon and would bring life giving rain, traded agriculture w/ each other, king was holy figure, passed throne to eldest son, many gods of various things, offered food, flowers, incense, and sometimes cut into bodies and offered blood, sometimes sacrificed captive, threw captives into sinkhole at Chichen Itza, created 2 calendars, 260 religious calendar and 365 solar, 18 20-day months for solar w/ separate 5 day period at end, used concept of 0 in math, created glyphs for writing, late 800’s Mayans abandoned cities |
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| located in Andes, flourished from 900-200ad, named after major ruin, Chavin de Huantar which features pyramids, plazas and massive earthen mounds, religious civ, ancient Peruvians may have visited Chavin temples and brought back ideas to their communities, Layed foundation for later civs, called “Mother Culture” |
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| mound builder from 800-1500, East of the Mississippi, woodlands, created villages based on farming and trade, b/t 1000 and 1200, 30,000 ppl lived in Cahokia, at the center, a 100 ft high flat topped earthen pyramid stands, crowned w/ a wooden temple, Priest rulers |
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| southern coast of Peru from 200 bc-600ad, extremely dry, created underground canals, allowed them to farm land, known for textiles and pottery, Nazca Lines |
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| Gulf of Mexico, began in 1200bc, thrived from 800-400bc, 100 in of rainfall a year, oldest site, San Lorenzo dates to 1150 BC, discovered earthen mounds, courtyards and pyramids, large stone monuments w/ columns, altars, and sculpted heads that represented rulers. La Venta in 900 BC discovered 100 ft high mound of earth and clay may have been tomb of ruler or center of religious activities, worshipped the jaguar spirit, San Lorenzo destroyed in 900 BC and La Venta in 400 BC, considered the Mother Culture of Mesoamerica |
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| a league formed by tribes w/ similar dialect, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca formed league in 1500’s, Great Lakes Region |
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| by 200 bc, home to 15,000 ppl, reached a peak of 25,000 ppl, from 250-700 ad, city flourished, roads were paved w/ stone, pyramids, temples, and palaces made out of stone surrounded plaza, observatory |
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| Northwest Coast tribes developed societies where differences in wealth created social classes, displayed rank and prosperity in this ceremony, giving food, drink and gifts to the community |
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| natural object to which a clan or group identifies itself with, used among Native American Clans, Northwestern ppl displayed totem symbols on masks, boats and huge poles set in front of houses. |
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| Mayan city, major center in Northern Guatemala |
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| 800 symbols in Mayan language, some stood for whole words, others for syllables |
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| book in which historical event were carved into, only three have survived. |
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