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| US. Supreme Court case dealing with corporate rates and agriculture. It allowed states to regulate certain businesses within borders (railroads). The 14th amendment did not prevent Illinois form regulating charges for use of a business grain elevators and that they should regulate it in public interest |
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| Period of reform from 1890s-1920s. it opposed waste and corruption. It tried to change workers rights and the protection of the middle class |
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| Minor v. Happersett (1875) |
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| Supreme Court case that upheld the power of the states to deny the right to women and refuse to pass a constitutional amendment for women’s suffrage |
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| in 1877, Georgia adopted it to force voters to pay annual fee to vote to prevent blacks from voting. |
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| Another attempt to stop blacks from voting, in 1898 Louisiana adopted it. It demanded literacy tests for voters except sons and grandsons of those who voted before 1867, a time when blacks could not vote. |
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| a nickname for Rutherford P. Hayes who entered the white house in 1876. He worked to reassert president authority, reform civil services, place reformers in office, ordered last troops out of the south, ended military reconstruction, and vetoed the coinage of silver. |
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| Union army hero and congressmen. He succeeded Hayes and reunited the Republican Party, lowered tariffs, and asserted American economic and strategic interest in Latin America. Office seekers took him on. |
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| Modernized the navy and lowered tariff and reformed civil service. |
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| 1st democratic president since the Civil War. He won in the election of 1884. He was honest, stubborn, and hardworking. He curtails Federal Activity and vetoed more bills in Congress. He lowered the tariff and was accused of undermining US industry. |
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| President after Cleveland and was a defender of the tariff. He was a Republican and ensured the Republicans were in control |
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| The Democrats called the Congress of 1890 this because they spent that much in appropriations and grants |
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| Republican Congress of 1890 |
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| Republicans had a hold on Congress and spent billions in appropriations and grants and passed many laws. |
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| National Farmers’ Alliance and Industrial Union |
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| Largest reform movement. Sought to organize farmers in South and West to fight reforms, overcome low crop prices, burdensome mortgages, and high railroad rates. It led to the Populist Party |
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| fast growing movement of farmers in Election of 1890 and led to the Farmers’ Alliance |
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| Literature of Disillusionment |
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| Described grimness of farm life |
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| Farmers’ Alliance based in South. It began in Texas in 1875 and claimed to have millions of members |
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| Colored Farmers’ National Alliance |
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| Loosely affiliated with the Southern Alliance. It enlisted black farmers in South and had 250,000 members and had many strikes. |
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| When Alliance moved to politics she provided the movement with strong leadership |
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| Adopted by Farmers’ Alliance at an 1890 meeting and called for a system to allow farmers to store crops until they could get best prices, free coinage of silver, end protective tariffs and national bank, Federal income tax, direct election of senators by voters, tighter regulation of the railroads |
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| Organized in 1892 by farmers, laborers, reform leaders, Farmers’ Alliance. It offered a broad-based reform, which reflected the Ocala Demands. One issue party, which was free silver. |
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| Struck when Cleveland became president. The economy expanded too fast and business confidence fell and investors became shy. It hit the stock market and 15,000 businesses and 600+ banks closed. 3million people became unemployed. |
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| May 1894, employees at Pullman Palace car Company held one of the largest strikes in US. It was in 27 states and territories. It paralyzed the Western half of the Nation. Cleveland secured an injunction to break it up because it obstructed the mail and he sent Federal troops to enforce it. |
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| July 26, 1894 American Railroad Union under Eugene joined strike by refusing to handle train that carried Pullman sleeping cars |
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| April 1894, wage reductions led to labor unrest. Union called for strike and the minors quit with led to the flow of coal being reduced, which led to city blackouts. This strike was more violent than previous ones. |
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| Killed Democrats. Everyone blamed Cleveland. Marked the end of party deadlock. The republicans gained the power. |
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