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| Spanish General whose armies took control over Spain in 1939. He ruled as a dictator |
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| The Fascist movement founded in Spain in 1933; the one legal party in Spain under the regime (1939-75) of Francisco Franco (1892-1975), the Spanish general and statesman |
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| a military force that fought on the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War, consisting of volunteers (predominantly socialists and communists) from many countries. |
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| a town in N Spain: formerly the seat of a Basque parliament; destroyed in 1937 by German bombers during the Spanish Civil War, an event depicted in one of Picasso's most famous paintings. Pop.: 16 380 (latest est.) |
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Italy and Germany were not necessarily allies
Between French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval, British Prime Minister Ramsay Macdonald, and Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini on April 14, 1935.
To reaffirm the Locarno Treaties and to declare the independence of Austria.
Also agreed to resist any future attempt by the Germans to change the Treaty of Versailles. |
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| Greater East Asian Co-Pros. Sphere |
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Japan invited the other countries of South-east Asia to join
The invitation was a cynical attempt to creat e an empire at little cost
The dutch east Indies refued to join resulting in Japans aggression via war because of oil resources of that region.
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| "Living Space", part of the Aryan Myth. To make room for the superior Aryan race in Germany. |
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approach to human relations which assumed people are peace-loving.
an ideal hope for status quo.
motivated by hope not fear
- WWII was brutal and wanted to avoid a repeat performance
- Germany was a good for trade purposes (offsetting Russian/French influence)
- Hitler was a block against communism (communism > fascism)
- Returning to balance of power in Europe could be peace be maintained. |
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| Remilitarisation of the Rhineland |
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- Hitler claimed that his reoccupation was for defensive measure against France
- removed Versailles from Germany
- Hitler could get away with anything because of appeasement |
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Czechoslovakia held about 3.5 milllion ethnic Germans.
Hitler wanted the dismemberment of the Czechoslovakian state. |
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The Czechoslovkian Prime Minister, saw Hitler was an aggressor
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| The British Prime Minister - appeasement. Agreed that Germany could take over Sudentenland - pressured Benes to give up the Sudentenland. |
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Four Power conference - Hitler delayed occupation in order for the French and the british to pressure Benes.
- Hitler promised no more territorial demands
- Benes resigned, end of Czechoslovakia |
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Agreement between USSR and Germany.
- agreed not to fight each other
- secretly agreed to carve up Poland
- gained time |
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lightning war. Airplanes led the attack to destroy key positions and to create havoc.
Speed would be able to sweep past the enemy and then trapped. |
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Lack of action on the Western Front. Britain and France were preparing for war.
Ended when Hitler invades Norway and Denmark - April 8, 9, 1940 |
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The point of escape was the port Dunkirk. The collapse of the Allied forces, evacuated by the British Navy.
- moral victory for Allies
- the best of the British Forces wanting to fight. |
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| The French troops that escaped to Britain were led by General, Charles De Gaule. |
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| Southern france, a semi-indepdenent government. Ran by Marshall Petain, began to collaborate with the Nazis. British navy sank elemetns of the French fleet to prevent an addition to Axis powers. |
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| Marshall Petain and the Vichy France government - with the Nazis |
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Goering's Luftwaffe vs the Royal Air Force
- a battle for the skies |
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The german invasion of the British Isles.
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| The British Fighter Plane - superior manoeuvrability |
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| Using radio waves, the British could detect German bomber and fighter squadrons. British figher craft would intercept before target area. |
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The Red Army attacked Finland.
Red Army - Balkan States
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Germany attacked on a front stretching from the Baltic to the Black Sea.
Germany vs Red Army
Red Army lacked leadership and blitzkrieg devastated the Soviety territory.
- the Russian winter stopped the nazi onslaught |
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| The Suez Canal, Oil, El Alamein |
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| The Desert Fox, commanded the German Afrika Korps. |
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| Monty, commanded the British forces in North Africa. |
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Control of a strategic strip of water.
Montgomery defeated Rommel.
- Suez Canal remained in Allied hands
- Hitler was denied acces to the oil of the ME
- Hitler's best forcees could be beaten |
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| Ike, American general - helped trapped germany from the West. |
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| Trapping of German troops. Eisenhower - West, Montgomery - East |
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American President, helping the democracies of europe in the early stages of the war.
Cash and Carry - neutrality acts allowed friendly nations to buy materials from USA
Lend Lease Act - American give materials to power who were fighting in causes friendly to America |
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| Allowed friendly nations to buy materials from the USA |
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| allowed the Americans to give materials to powers who were fighting in causes friendly to America. |
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the ongoing struggle of the British to keep her sea lanes to North America and her empire.
- Brtisih were struck by "wolf packs" then the U-boats. |
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| Soviety Victory. Von Paulos the german commander to fight to the death. Goering promised air support that never arrived. Urban fighting |
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The Eastern Front, Geramny was in retreat.
North Africa and Italy |
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| Salerno and taranto, Italy. The Allied Forces. Mussolini captured by italian aprtisans. A prequisite step for the liberation of europe. Occupied many germany troops making them unavailable or the defence of France. |
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Kept allies fighting in the west
limit german ability to conduct the war - allies used precision bombing and area bombing
demoralize the enemy |
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| Dwight Eisenhower led the Allied Forces (D-Day). March all the way to Berlin to meet the Soviets. |
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| Utah, Omaha, Gold, Sword, Juno |
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Utah and Omaha - Americans
Gold and Sword -British
Juno - Canada |
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| Allies suffered a setback, dropped three airborne divisions behind the German lines in Holland. |
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| Two hundren thousand german troops attacked an area held by eighty thousand Allies. A weak spot in the Allied front in the Ardennes. |
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| Unmanned flying bombs, possible to shoot down |
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| a ballistic missle (rocket), flew at supersonic speeds. |
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to sink or immobilize USA battleships and aircraft carriers.
USA was an obstacle in their war of conquest path
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| First American military strike, a bomber mission of japan. |
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| The Battle of the Coral Sea |
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Planes vs Planes
a draw battle, prevented Japan from taking Port Morseby - not bomb Australia |
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| The Battle of the Midway Islands |
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| Turning point in the battle of the Pacific. American Pacific fleet defeated the japanese fleet. Naval aviation was the most important element. Japanse lost their irreplaceable aircraft carriers and pilots. |
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| A strategy which aircraft would the most important weapon of this war. Americans chose to remove the Japans from strategic islands in order to get them closer to the main islands of Japan. Saved fighting and casualties. |
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| Largest naval battle. American Pacific fleet vs remainder of Japanese fleet |
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| pilots send on suicide missions - crashing their planes with bombs into american ships. |
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| Island hopping strategy. February 1945 |
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| Harry S. Truman was at the Potsdam Conference- test of the A-bomb - end the pacific war. |
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| Truman used the atomic bomb on the Japanses city. - instantly destroyed - Soviets declared war on Japan on August 8th |
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| Truman ordered the next atomic bomb to be dropped on nagasaki because he did not get the response he wanted. |
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| Genocide - burnt offering or destruction by fire became horrors of the gas chambers and the crematoria by the nazis |
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| Goering told Heydrich to prepare, gas chambers were bult and Jews were first gassed to death |
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| a special force of the SS created to deal wit hthe undesriables of occupied countries. |
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| Nazi elite put the finishing touches on the final solution. |
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| War Crimes court. charged for immoral actions - crimes committed during the Holocaust |
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| The model for the United nations - the Fourteen Points of the Second world war, a statement of war aims. Grand Alliance between the USA and Britain |
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Establish cordial relations between the Soviet dictator and the Western Leaders
Polish fronties would be formed
The Second Front
The Pacific War |
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Europe-related decisions
- divide Germany
- War Criminal Trials
-Stalin to enter the Pacific war
-Disarming Germany
- stalin promised free elections after the war in Soviet liberated Europe |
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approved steps to disarm Germany
- dismantle her war industries
-talk of war reparations
-denazification
-trial of war criminals
-defined the Allied Control Council to govern germany |
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| a military strategy in total war to destroy a nation's economic ability to wage war rather than land or naval force |
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| great depression, Spanish Civil war, Germany and Japan - aggressive, re-armament, failure of the league of natiosn and collective secuirty and appeasement |
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| WWII (Europe and pacific), holocaust, atomic bombs, |
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