Term
1. Adam Smith
Adam Smith believed in the idea that a business can be ran by a free market which was one of the philosophic ideas in the Enlightenment. |
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Economist who thought free market should be allowed to regulate business
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2. Aristotle
Aristotle, a philosopher of the Enlightenment and a student of Plato, established many ideas that are used in western philosophy today. |
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one of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers, his writings were the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy
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3. Baron de Montesquieu
Baron de Montesquieu established the ideas of separation of powers which is one of the ways the U.S uses today to rule our government. |
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French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755)
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4.The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was a period of philosophical ideas that transformed the way of life for ancient Europe. |
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a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions
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5. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau had the idea that unless a person was influenced by society and the different stages of wealth, an individual was "good" which was one of the philosophic ideas of the Enlightenment. |
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Believed people in the natural state were basically good, but that they were corrupted by the evils of society, especially due to the unequal distribution of wealth
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6. JOhn Locke
John Locker contributed to the Enlightenment in a way where he taught reason and was a believer of natural rights. |
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| Philosopher who thought people were basically reasonable and moral, and believed in natural rights[image] |
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7. Laissez Faire
Laissez faire was very beneficial to the citizens who wanted to run a business with no affiliation to the government. |
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| Allows business to operate with little or no government interference[image] |
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8. Philospophy
Philosophy greatly influenced the Enlightenment in a positive way. |
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the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics
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| 9. Plato adopted the idea in which a government should be ruled by philosophers. |
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ancient Athenian philosopher, most-famous student of Socrates, known for his ideal leaders "Philosopher-Kings"
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10. Social Contract
The social contract was not a written document, therefore people could not refer to it when wanting to know an individuals rights. |
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The unwritten agreement between individuals and society in which individual rights are traded for overall order (decrease of chaos)
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11. Socrates
Socrates's method influenced many minds to change their way of finding answers. |
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ancient Athenian philosopher, the "Socratic Method" is named for his process of questioning to discover answers
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12. Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes believed there was only one way a government should rule in order to fix problems in the most efficient way. |
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English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)
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13. Voltaire
Voltaire greatly attributed to the philosophic ideas of the Enlightenment. |
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Definition
French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment, defender of free speech
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