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| main reason for conflict between French and British |
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| First president; went to persuade French to leave the Ohio Valley Area |
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| Made to put the colonies under a more centralized government |
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British General;
Sent to seize Fort Dunquense
Wanted to defeat the French but didn't |
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At the headwaters of the Ohio Valley
French controlled |
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| took control of British military, turned them around, seen as a hero |
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| The Treaty of Paris of 1763 |
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Ended the 7 Years War
Between Britian and France |
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Also known as the French-Indian War;
Between French and British |
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started ruling after 7 years war ended
young and inexperienced
Advisors are Yes-Men; don't help him |
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| Britain was in great debt after the Seven Years War |
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| Ottawa Indians sacked British forts; in the end Indians had to make peace to British |
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Made by George III to make peace with Indians
Forbids colonists to go past Appalachians
Good because it kept Indians and Colonists apart
Bad because it angered colonists |
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| Gave soldiers the power to search homes at any time they wanted |
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Replaced the Molasses act
Will be enforced
Lower tax ---> made colonists feel like they were being tricked |
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British Prime Minister
Ordered the navy to enforce the Sugar Act |
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1765
Tax on legal papers/newspapers
First direct tax
Colonists now saw the tax they were paying for and it reminded them every time they bought something how unfair this was |
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1764
British made colonists use gold and silver; paper money was banned
Made because all colonies used different money so it was too hard to collect taxes
Made colonists angry because they now had to barter |
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| Tax that was added when you bought something |
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| Tax that was already hidden in the price |
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| said Parliament represented everyone equally |
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| Group of people (anti-British) |
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| Stamp Act Congress, Importance? |
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Colonial assemblies
Important because they were all able to agree that Great Britain cannot tax colonists |
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| Boycotting British goods until the taxes were lifted |
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1766
Revoked the Stamp Act
Showed the colonies that Britain was still the boss |
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1765
Colonists have to provide homes and barracks for troops
Angers colonists-feel oppressed by soldiers |
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| life liberty and property |
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| Wanted states/people to have power |
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| British Prime Minister, came into power after William Pitt |
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1767
made taxes indirect on household objects
caused more boycotts |
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| Wrote 12 essays of why Parliament can only tax in certain cases |
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| asked Mass. Legislature to oppose the Townshend Duties |
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| group of women who sewed clothing so they did not need to buy British clothing |
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1770
Mod of Bostonians threatened redcoats
In confusion shots were fired and 5 colonists died |
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| 2nd President (1797-1801; Federalist |
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New Prime Minister;
wanted to make peace so made a partial repeal of Townshend duties- all but tea tax (1770) |
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| The Committees of Correspondence |
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Made by Samuel Adams
1 person from each community would be responsible for exchanging information and defend colonial rights |
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1768
Britain and 6 Nations of Iroquois
agreed to grant Indian land along Ohio River to government |
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| North Carolina group of backcountry settlers who wanted to restore law and order |
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1733
Tax on molasses
Not enforced - salutary neglect |
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| British East India Tea Company lowered the price of tea but kept tax to end boycotts |
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| Bostonians dressed as Indians and poured British tea into harbor in response to Tea Act of 1773 |
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| Slave who sued his master for freedom and won |
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| Lord Dunmore's proclamation |
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| He would free any slave that restored royal authority |
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AKA Intolerable Acts
1774
designed to punish colonists for Boston Tea Party
Closed Boston until tea was paid
Shut Mass. gov down
Made any murder trial help in England
Made colonists think king was a tyrant
Caused first Continental Congress |
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1774
Created huge French colony around Great Lakes
Made French like king
Made colonists mad because it was their land |
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Meeting in response to Intolerable Acts
Told King they would fight him |
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| aka Tories, those who supported British |
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British marched to Lexington to find guns, ammo, Adams, and Hancock
Minutemen and British fight
Stat of War
1775 |
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British marched to Lexington to find guns, ammo, Adams, and Hancock
Minutemen and British fight
Stat of War
1775 |
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| Revere, Dawes, and Prescott |
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| Told minute men that the British were coming to Lexington and Concord |
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British to kick minutemen out of Boston,
British won but lost many men |
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| Battle at Fort Ticonderoga |
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British Fort,
Ethan Allan and his Green Mountain Boys get cannons and drag them to Boston
Caused 2nd Continental Congress |
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Made by Washington
Tell king again that they will fight
Proposed Independence with the help of Richard Henry Lee |
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| written by Thoman Paine, told Americans that don't need Britain, got them in the mindset to rebel |
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Made the draft of the Declaration of Independence
Adams, Franklin, Jefferson, and others |
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| those who supported Revolution |
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| German armed forces that British enlisted |
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Vote On Independence
Voted YES |
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| The Declaration of Independence |
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Theory of Government = democracy
27 reasons why the king is a tyrant
Declared War |
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Americans win
Convinces French to come help them
TURNING POINT |
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| British Officer who defeated colonists many times |
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| Lafayette, Polaski, Von Steuben |
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1783
Ended War
America is independent |
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| Land gotten from Revolution |
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East: Atlantic
West: Mississippi
North: Great Lakes
South: Florida |
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| What was the first congress? |
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The 2nd Continental Congress
Very weak because there was no central power
All power in states
No written guidelines |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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1st Written Constitution
Weak to prevent tyranny
Made in 1776 kept until 1787
Most power in state governments
Run by Congress |
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| System of Written Land Titles |
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| solved problem of fights over land ownership |
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Created orderly land settlement system
Land surveyed in 6x6 mile township
1 section sold to raise money for school |
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| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
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created government for NW territory
could create 3-5 states out of area
created OH, Indiana, IL, Michigan, Wisc |
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slavery banned
education promoted
Native Americans to be treated equally |
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| Flaws in Articles of Confederation |
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Definition
- couldnt tax
- couldnt regulate interstate trade
- unable to enforce law/treaties
- only Congress, no law enforcer
- All states were equal (big states felt cheated
- Weak National Gov |
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group of farmers who tried to shut down government
Made people fear there would be an anarchy |
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| Constitutional Convention |
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In Philadelphia in 1787
Wanted to fix Articles |
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Made 2 Parts to Congress
1 based on population
1 equal for all states |
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| Made 1 slave = 3/5 of a person (for voting, favored south) |
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| could tax Imports and not exports |
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Until 1807 Congress cannot tax more than $10
After 1807 slave trade could be banned |
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| President is picked by electoral college |
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Outlined freedoms
Protected people from gov and each other |
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| Treaty made by John Jay to open Spanish markets to eastern merchants; rejected by Congress |
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made by Madison in response to problem with what to do with Articles
made strong central government |
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| recommended a congress where each state had equal vote |
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AKA Great Compromise
Broke Congress into 2 parts |
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| prevented one branch from dominating others |
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| those who supported Constitution |
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| those who opposed Constitution |
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| written by Madison and Hamilton to make people support Constitution |
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| Group of people appointed by President to help him |
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Enemy of Hamilton
Democratic Republican
Washington's Secretary of State |
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made it so federal courts could not sue other state's government
(Chisholm vs. Georgia) |
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Written by Hamilton
Gave recommendations to strengthen economy
1. Gov should pay debt
2. Capital moved to Virginia to gain their support |
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| The Report on a National Bank |
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Hamilton wanted a National Bank
1. Place to store money
2. can create uniform currency
3. allows money to flow across country |
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| Strict Interpretation of Constitution |
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Jefferson/ Democratic Republicans
No National Bank |
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| Loose Interpretation of Constitution |
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Hamilton and Federalists
wanted National Bank
Strong National Gov |
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| Reports on Subject of Manufacturers |
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| Made by Hamilton to provide employment, promote emigration, and expand use of technology |
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Result of Excise Tax
Group of 500 burned homes and tarred people
Washington led troops to stop it
Showed people that they must follow law and cannot use violence to protest |
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Raise price of foreign goods to force people to buy American goods
Never got passed
instead Revenue Tariff did |
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| lowered foreign price but put a tax on it so people by foreign good but US gets money from tax |
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Crated dollar system based on 10
Easier to buy and sell |
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Put a tax on Whiskey
Helped pay debt |
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| Proclamation of Neutrality |
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US not taking sides in War between French and British
(Washington's presidency) |
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With Britain
Tried to settle problems with them over the fact that they would not leave the US, kept stopping their ships from trading with French, and kidnapping US sailors
GOt them to move out of US
Hamilton was a traitor because he told them the US would never got to war with them so they didnt have to give us all that we wanted
Showed that Britain is talking to us, makes spanish nervous |
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with Spain
Solved problems over use of Mississippi (opened it up) and made border with Florida |
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Between Adams and Jefferson
Adams won but Jefferson was made VP (Hamiltons doing) |
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| There was a French Crisis so Adams sent people to talk to French but they wouldnt negotiate unless we bribed them, US said no |
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| Fake war in ocean between French and Americans after Adams said we wouldnt go to war (even though Feds wanted it, he gave up his reputation for the good of the country) |
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Must live here for 14 years (or born here) to become citizen (Naturalization Act)
Alien acts said the President could kick out any foreign person he wanted to (Alien and Alien Enemies Act)
People could not talk badly about the government (Sedition Act) |
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| Washington's Farewell Address |
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| Said political parties will tear the country apart |
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| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions |
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Made by Madison (VA) and Jefferson (KY)
said that the states should rule things constitutional or not because they made the supreme courts so they are their bosses |
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Adams vs Jefferson/Burr
Adams lost but tie between Jefferson and Burr
House couldn't decide in the end Feds gave Jefferson 1 vote to win |
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| State's Rights Theory of Government |
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| Statement made in VA and KY Resolutions |
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