Term
If potassium ions (K+) are in high concentration within the cytoplasm of a cell and in low concentration in the ECF, where do K+ tend to want to move?
a. From the cytoplasm to the ECF
b. From the ECF to the cytoplasm |
|
Definition
| a. From the cytoplasm to the ECF |
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Term
Based on what you know about the chemical properties of potassium ions, what can you say about their actual tendency to move through a cell plasma membrane?
a. Potassium ions are only one atom in size so will easily move through a membrane
b. Potassium ions are multiple atoms in size so will not move easily through a membrane
c. Potassium ions are bound together with polar covalent bonds so will not move easily through a membrane
d. Potassium ions are highlight charged (+1) so will not easily move through a membrane |
|
Definition
| d. Potassium ions are highlight charged (+1) so will not easily move through a membrane |
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Term
| Since potassium ions require a membrane protein to travel through a cell membrane this type of transport could be considered: |
|
Definition
| Carrier-mediated transport |
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Term
| Where are you most likely to find the nonpolar amino acid monomers in a particular transmembrane protein? |
|
Definition
| Within the membrane space that contains the phospholipid legs |
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Term
Which of the following is most likely to diffuse MOST easily and quickly through a cell plasma membrane?
a. Oxygen gas
b. Water
c. Sucrose
d. Chloride ion |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is most likely to DECREASE membrane permeability in a cell?
a. Increasing the temperature around a cell
b. Decreasing the amount of solute in the high side of the concentration gradient
c. Increasing the surface area of the cell membrane
d. Changing the solute to a small, nonpolar molecule |
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Definition
| b. Decreasing the amount of solute in the high side of the concentration gradient |
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Term
| A red blood cell (erythrocyte) is made up of a simple cell membrane. If a red-blood cell with an internal physiological saline concentration of Na+ = 0.95% is placed in a beaker of salt water with a sodium ion concentration equal to 2%, which way will water tend to move? |
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Definition
| Water will tend to move out of the cell, dehydrating it |
|
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Term
| In what cellular organelle do you find the human genome? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major biological macromolecule that forms the molecular basis for a gene? |
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Definition
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Term
| During the process of tissue repair and wound healing, damage to what layer of the integument would result in scar formation? |
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Definition
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Term
| The internal structures of the human organism are complex mixtures of fluids. The primary solvent in this anatomical mixture is. |
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Definition
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Term
Based on their electronegativities, which of the following combinations of atoms is most likely to form a non-polar covalent bond?
a. Carbon and oxygen
b. Sodium and chlorine
c. Potassium and chlorine
d. Hydrogen and oxygen
e. Carbon and hydrogen |
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Definition
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Term
| If a particular functional region of a molecule has non-polar covalent bonds it also tends to be __________ in water. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Red blood cells (erythrocytes) within blood plasma would be considered a: |
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Definition
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Term
| If the extracellular fluid in a particular tissue has a sodium ion (Na+) concentration of 4.5% and the intracellular fluid (or cytoplasm) within a cell has a sodium ion (Na+) concentration of 0.95%, which way will ions tend to move in this gradient (all things being equal)? |
|
Definition
| Ions will tend to move into the cell |
|
|
Term
| The movement of the sodium ions down a concentration gradient is considered a form of: |
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Definition
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|
Term
Which of the following equations represents a molecule that typically acts as a base in solution?
a. HCl H+ + Cl-
b. CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+
c. C6H8O7 C6H7O7 + H+
d. NH3 + H+ NH4+ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
A particular molecule that has a high pH (around 14) would have:
a. A lot of hydrogen ions in solution
b. Very few hydrogen ions in solution |
|
Definition
| b. Very few hydrogen ions in solution |
|
|
Term
Which of the following would NOT speed up a particular metabolic reaction?
a. An increase in the temperature of the solution
b. Adding an enzyme specific to that reaction to the solution
c. Adding more reactants to the solution
d. Adding an acid that tends to dissolve the metabolic enzymes for that reaction |
|
Definition
| d. Adding an acid that tends to dissolve the metabolic enzymes for that reaction |
|
|
Term
| A reaction that releases chemical energy on the products side is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following could be considered a physiological scent gland?
a. Eccrine gland
b. Sebaceous gland
c. Apocrine gland
d. Ceruminous gland
e. Merocrine gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ are integument cells with a sensory role. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following skin cells are involved in helping the immune system fight pathogens (disease causing agents)?
a. Tactile cells
b. Dendritic cells
c. Stem cells
d. Melanocytes
e. Keratinocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cerumen is more commonly known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A __________ burn destroys the entire dermis down to the hypodermal layer of the integument. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cancers in the human organism are typically caused by out of control: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intramembranous ossification of bone primarily occurs in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fusion of the epiphyseal plate in long bones typically occurs: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following would likely lead to hypocalcemia in extreme examples?
a. Bone resorption
b. Reduced excretion of calcium ions by the kidney
c. Increased absorption of calcium ions by the small intestine
d. Bone deposition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following would likely result in more calcium deposition into the bone tissue?
a. Increase in calcitonin secretion
b. Increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion
c. Increase in calcitriol production and secretion from vitamin D |
|
Definition
| a. Increase in calcitonin secretion |
|
|
Term
Which of the following could be considered a physiological scent gland?
a. Eccrine gland
b. Sebaceous gland
c. Apocrine gland
d. Ceruminous gland
e. Merocrine gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ are integument cells with a sensory role. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following skin cells are involved in helping the immune system fight pathogens (disease causing agents)?
a. Tactile cells
b. Dendritic cells
c. Stem cells
d. Melanocytes
e. Keratinocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cerumen is more commonly known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A __________ burn destroys the entire dermis down to the hypodermal layer of the integument. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cancers in the human organism are typically caused by out of control: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intramembranous ossification of bone primarily occurs in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fusion of the epiphyseal plate in long bones typically occurs: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following would likely lead to hypocalcemia in extreme examples?
a. Bone resorption
b. Reduced excretion of calcium ions by the kidney
c. Increased absorption of calcium ions by the small intestine
d. Bone deposition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following would likely result in more calcium deposition into the bone tissue?
a. Increase in calcitonin secretion
b. Increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion
c. Increase in calcitriol production and secretion from vitamin D |
|
Definition
| a. Increase in calcitonin secretion |
|
|
Term
Which of the following could be considered a physiological scent gland?
a. Eccrine gland
b. Sebaceous gland
c. Apocrine gland
d. Ceruminous gland
e. Merocrine gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ are integument cells with a sensory role. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following skin cells are involved in helping the immune system fight pathogens (disease causing agents)?
a. Tactile cells
b. Dendritic cells
c. Stem cells
d. Melanocytes
e. Keratinocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cerumen is more commonly known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A __________ burn destroys the entire dermis down to the hypodermal layer of the integument. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cancers in the human organism are typically caused by out of control: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intramembranous ossification of bone primarily occurs in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fusion of the epiphyseal plate in long bones typically occurs: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following would likely lead to hypocalcemia in extreme examples?
a. Bone resorption
b. Reduced excretion of calcium ions by the kidney
c. Increased absorption of calcium ions by the small intestine
d. Bone deposition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following would likely result in more calcium deposition into the bone tissue?
a. Increase in calcitonin secretion
b. Increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion
c. Increase in calcitriol production and secretion from vitamin D |
|
Definition
| a. Increase in calcitonin secretion |
|
|
Term
Compare the electronegativities (ENs) of the Hydrogen and Oxygen
atoms found in a water molecule by answering the following
– Are the ENs similar or different?
Are they very similar, somewhat different, or very
different? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Due to these electronegativities (Hydrogen and Oxygen), what types of chemical bonds (ionic,
polar covalent, non-polar covalent) form between the Hydrogen and
Oxygen of a water molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain why a hydrogen ion above is often just called a
proton |
|
Definition
| Hydrogen only contains one proton and always has the weaker electronegativity so it gives/shares one proton. |
|
|
Term
Explain why the hydroxide ion (OH-) has an overall negative
charge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Compare the electronegativities (ENs) of the Hydrogen and Oxygen
atoms found in a water molecule by answering the following
– Are the ENs similar or different?
Are they very similar, somewhat different, or very
different? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Due to these electronegativities (Hydrogen and Oxygen), what types of chemical bonds (ionic,
polar covalent, non-polar covalent) form between the Hydrogen and
Oxygen of a water molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain why a hydrogen ion above is often just called a
proton |
|
Definition
| Hydrogen only contains one proton and always has the weaker electronegativity so it gives/shares one proton. |
|
|
Term
Explain why the hydroxide ion (OH-) has an overall negative
charge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Compare the electronegativities (ENs) of the Hydrogen and Oxygen
atoms found in a water molecule by answering the following
– Are the ENs similar or different?
Are they very similar, somewhat different, or very
different? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Due to these electronegativities (Hydrogen and Oxygen), what types of chemical bonds (ionic,
polar covalent, non-polar covalent) form between the Hydrogen and
Oxygen of a water molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain why a hydrogen ion above is often just called a
proton |
|
Definition
| Hydrogen only contains one proton and always has the weaker electronegativity so it gives/shares one proton. |
|
|
Term
Explain why the hydroxide ion (OH-) has an overall negative
charge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Compare the electronegativities (ENs) of the Hydrogen and Oxygen
atoms found in a water molecule by answering the following
– Are the ENs similar or different?
Are they very similar, somewhat different, or very
different? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Due to these electronegativities (Hydrogen and Oxygen), what types of chemical bonds (ionic,
polar covalent, non-polar covalent) form between the Hydrogen and
Oxygen of a water molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain why a hydrogen ion above is often just called a
proton |
|
Definition
| Hydrogen only contains one proton and always has the weaker electronegativity so it gives/shares one proton. |
|
|
Term
Explain why the hydroxide ion (OH-) has an overall negative
charge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Compare the electronegativities (ENs) of the Hydrogen and Oxygen
atoms found in a water molecule by answering the following
– Are the ENs similar or different?
Are they very similar, somewhat different, or very
different? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Due to these electronegativities (Hydrogen and Oxygen), what types of chemical bonds (ionic,
polar covalent, non-polar covalent) form between the Hydrogen and
Oxygen of a water molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain why a hydrogen ion above is often just called a
proton |
|
Definition
| Hydrogen only contains one proton and always has the weaker electronegativity so it gives/shares one proton. |
|
|
Term
Explain why the hydroxide ion (OH-) has an overall negative
charge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Compare the electronegativities (ENs) of the Hydrogen and Oxygen
atoms found in a water molecule by answering the following
– Are the ENs similar or different?
Are they very similar, somewhat different, or very
different? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Due to these electronegativities (Hydrogen and Oxygen), what types of chemical bonds (ionic,
polar covalent, non-polar covalent) form between the Hydrogen and
Oxygen of a water molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain why a hydrogen ion above is often just called a
proton |
|
Definition
| Hydrogen only contains one proton and always has the weaker electronegativity so it gives/shares one proton. |
|
|
Term
Explain why the hydroxide ion (OH-) has an overall negative
charge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Compare the electronegativities (ENs) of the Hydrogen and Oxygen
atoms found in a water molecule by answering the following
– Are the ENs similar or different?
Are they very similar, somewhat different, or very
different? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Due to these electronegativities (Hydrogen and Oxygen), what types of chemical bonds (ionic,
polar covalent, non-polar covalent) form between the Hydrogen and
Oxygen of a water molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain why a hydrogen ion above is often just called a
proton |
|
Definition
| Hydrogen only contains one proton and always has the weaker electronegativity so it gives/shares one proton. |
|
|
Term
Explain why the hydroxide ion (OH-) has an overall negative
charge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Compare the electronegativities (ENs) of the Hydrogen and Oxygen
atoms found in a water molecule by answering the following
– Are the ENs similar or different?
Are they very similar, somewhat different, or very
different? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Due to these electronegativities (Hydrogen and Oxygen), what types of chemical bonds (ionic,
polar covalent, non-polar covalent) form between the Hydrogen and
Oxygen of a water molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain why a hydrogen ion above is often just called a
proton |
|
Definition
| Hydrogen only contains one proton and always has the weaker electronegativity so it gives/shares one proton. |
|
|
Term
Explain why the hydroxide ion (OH-) has an overall negative
charge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Compare the electronegativities (ENs) of the Hydrogen and Oxygen
atoms found in a water molecule by answering the following
– Are the ENs similar or different?
Are they very similar, somewhat different, or very
different? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Due to these electronegativities (Hydrogen and Oxygen), what types of chemical bonds (ionic,
polar covalent, non-polar covalent) form between the Hydrogen and
Oxygen of a water molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain why a hydrogen ion above is often just called a
proton |
|
Definition
| Hydrogen only contains one proton and always has the weaker electronegativity so it gives/shares one proton. |
|
|
Term
Explain why the hydroxide ion (OH-) has an overall negative
charge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Compare the electronegativities (ENs) of the Hydrogen and Oxygen
atoms found in a water molecule by answering the following
– Are the ENs similar or different?
Are they very similar, somewhat different, or very
different? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Due to these electronegativities (Hydrogen and Oxygen), what types of chemical bonds (ionic,
polar covalent, non-polar covalent) form between the Hydrogen and
Oxygen of a water molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain why a hydrogen ion above is often just called a
proton |
|
Definition
| Hydrogen only contains one proton and always has the weaker electronegativity so it gives/shares one proton. |
|
|
Term
Explain why the hydroxide ion (OH-) has an overall negative
charge |
|
Definition
|
|
