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| huge continuous expanses of land |
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| a spherical scale model of the earth |
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| 2D representation of the earth |
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| the geography of man-manipulated and made objects (i.e. roads cities...) |
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| the geography of the earth using natural landmarks |
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| Lines that specify east-west location on the earth |
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| lines that specify north-south location on earth |
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| the location of somewhere represented by lines of latitude and longitude |
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| imaginary lines of latitude measured in degrees |
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| central parallel; 0 degrees |
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| imaginary lines of longitude measured in degrees |
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| center meridian; 0 degrees |
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| coordinate point using degrees of longitude and latitude |
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| location based on another location using cardinal directions |
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| direction on earth (North East South West) |
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| something on map showing which direction the cardinal directions are in |
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| what happened to man before the advent of writing |
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| all recorded events of mankind |
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| Ardi was an Ardipithecus that lived 4.4 million years ago. She was discovered in Ethiopia. Most of her head, pelvis, hands, and feet were found. Ardi is about one million years older that 'Lucy,' and helped scientists learn a lot about hominid adaptation, and the lifestyle of the Ardipithecus. |
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| The Ardipithecus lived from 5.6 million to 4.32 million years ago. They had small brains, and their teeth were formed to eat fruits easily because they were omnivores. They lived in north and east African woodland. Their brains were too small to use and make tools. 'Ardi' was one of the Ardipithecus. |
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| The Australopithecus Afarensis was an early hominid from only South and East Africa. They had small brains, and protruding jaw and face. The Australopithecus Afarensis lost the function of the opposable big toe, which meant they used the trait of climbing a lot less. This species learned to use stone tools to carve into animal carcasses to scavenge food. The Australopithecus Afarensis eventually died out because their source of food was thinning out, eventually leading to their demise. |
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| On November 24, 1974, 'Lucy' the Australopithecus was discovered. She lived 3,200,000 years ago. She was an adult female, and she was estimated to have died at the age of 11 or 12. |
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| Homo Habilis lived mainly in the eastern parts of Africa. This species is also one of the first to make stone tools; this included crude choppers, core tools, and scrapers. The homo habilis had the same body build as the Australopithecus except for the fact that their brains and their skulls were more rounded and more full. Their teeth became more modern like but their limbs still had ape like qualities. The species had a vegetarian diet with no meat included. They were not a hunting species. |
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| The Homo Erectus species lived in the northern parts of Africa and later on moved to Asia (Georgia and China) and some parts of Europe. The species used stone tools this includes tools such as choppers and flakes. The species is also the first to use fire. If i was under control is unknown, but they where the first to use the fire. The species where generally short and stocky compared to the Homo Sapiens. They had an increase of the brain size compared to earlier species. The reason for extinction is unknown. They kind of just blended in and then the Homo sapiens took over. They were the first hominid to leave Africa (about 1.8 MYA.) |
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| First Hominids migrate out of Africa |
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| Homo Erectus is the first hominid to leave Africa. This migration happened around 1.2 million years ago. |
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| The Homo Erectus is believed to have first used fire around 1,000,000 years ago in Asia and Europe. The manipulation of fire allowed healthier food, and it allowed hominids to store food for a longer time. |
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| The Ice Age was a period in time about 100,000 to 8000 years ago. During the Ice Age the global temperature decreased and the world was covered with ice. |
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| Homo Sapiens or “wise human” evolved in Africa and had the mental capacity to control fire and use stone tools. |
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| Homo Sapiens Sapiens or “wise wise humans” evolved from Homo Sapiens and looked like Homo Sapiens except Homo Sapiens Sapiens were leaner and had a bigger brain. Homo Sapiens Sapiens had a better ability to adapt to different situations to survive. We are all Homo Sapiens Sapiens |
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| Modern humans migrate out of Africa |
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| Modern humans migrate out of Africa. The area that they went to first was Asia because of it’s proximity to Africa. Then they spread out farther finally reaching the Americas. |
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| The older hominids started in Africa, because many fossils and artifacts proving this were found there. Then as new early humans developed, they all started migrating to areas like Asia, North and South America, and Europe. |
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| Superior species destroy the weaker species |
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| Natural selection in Africa |
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| as more advanced hominids adapted in Africa, the older and weaker ones started to die out |
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| nomadic way of following wild animals and killing them for food, also picking wild berries |
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| domestication of plants and animals for efficient plentiful food |
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| some cases of agriculture, but mainly hunter gatherers |
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people were migrating to farming and learning and creating new things, people began to start trading
ex. Copper starting being used, the Europeans started using copper and traded it |
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| tribes were creating new empires. In the empires new ideas and trades started to happen, one of them being farming. Farming was started when the empires began to get larger and larger |
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| the first civilizations where created on rivers for farming issues. once the farming was working and sustaining a supply of food people moved to the area and over time it formed a city. |
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| As the cities grew there was a need for something to keep them in line. to manage food, military, and to regulate activity. In the first civilizations there was a monarch (king or queen) who led the civilization. |
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| All of the new civilizations had a religion to explain what was happening around them. To please these gods and goddesses a priest would oversee rituals which were apposed to please the gods or goddesses. This made priest one of the most important people and rulers also said that they where divine. |
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| The rulers and the upper class of priests, government officials, and warriors dominated society. Then there was the middle class which were just free people. The lower class where the slaves. The upper class people provided work for the middle class people (artisans, farmers, craftspeople) The middle class people began to trade materials with surrounding populations which started the trade business. this also lead to the sharing of technology advances. |
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| all people used writing to record important information. the incas used memory experts though ( people are crazy) people also used it to create creative writings which began literature |
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| architects, painters, and sculptors all portrayed their civilizations. architects made temples, pyramids, burial places for kings, and religious areas. Painters and Sculptors portrayed stories of nature and their rulers. |
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| consequence of agriculture -- lack of food |
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| people became sick because they had to eat the same food with the same nutrition and therefor they weren't getting all of the required nutrition |
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| consequence of agriculture -- sickness |
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| Many serious diseases came from animals and since we shared the same area with them diseases were picked up very easily and then carried from person to person very easily. |
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| consequence of agriculture -- inequality |
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| Farmers constantly needed more people working on the farm so therefore woman needed to keep producing babies. |
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| consequence of agriculture -- social class inequality |
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| this made some people "better" than others. This later influenced slavery. |
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| Native American inferiority |
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| because of them taking a very long time to migrate to the Americas, they started agriculture later, and therefore had less time to create technology |
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| a massive culture containing the six traits of civilization |
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| distance of something on a map relative to the actual distance |
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| ##degrees(N/S), ##degrees(E/W) |
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| advanced tools used for specific purposes |
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| something made out of a certain material to do a task more efficiently |
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| time after ice age when agriculture started developing |
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| time when hominids started using stone tools to help accomplish various tasks |
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| time when humans started using bronze for strong, durable tools |
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| time when humans found iron to be more useful than bronze, and started using it |
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| people specialized in a certain skill |
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| king or queen that leads a civilization |
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| supervisors of religious ceremonies |
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| an object in the land that is easily recognized |
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| remains of a prehistoric organism petrified in rock |
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| a tool or object made by people in a previous time |
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| a person who specializes in creating art |
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| the theory that over time creatures adapt into superior species to overcome problems |
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| a disorder that affects physical abilities |
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| the way of communication through noises |
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| with crop surplus, people needed a way of tracking imports and exports |
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| surplus -->artisans -->artists to create things pleasing to gods or kings |
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| they thought something controlled the weather, so they started worshipping them, hoping for better weather |
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| agriculture to government |
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| needed someone to protect people from outside problems and establishing who owns what |
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| large groups of farmers needed central location to trade and place near rivers to get water |
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| agriculture to social structure |
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| monarchs and priests became upper artisans became middle farmers were lower |
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| way of manipulation water movement for faster closer water |
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