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Unit 2 Political Revolutions
Stuff to Know
32
History
9th Grade
10/24/2009

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Term
Popular Soverignty
Definition
Enlightenment idea that authority to govern comes from the people not from God or tradition; this idea influenced the revolutionaries who established new governments in the Atlantic World.
Term
John Locke
Definition
English Philosopher whose ideas were influential in inspiring the revolutionaries in the Atlantic World and gave them justification for creating new governments.
Term
Social Contract
Definition
The idea that government is an agreement between the people and the public officals, with duties owed by both sides; it says that government should only last as long as it serves the people well
Term
Liberty
Definition
Freedom; another influential Enlightenment idea
Term
American Revolution
Definition
British Colonists revolt against foreign monarch rule. They didn't like taxes being opposed on them and how they weren't represented in British Parliament. They fought for liberty and protection of their natural rights and ended the social contract.
Term
French Revolution
Definition
The radial political and social revolution. This revolution didn't just change government, but was a major social upheaval.
Term
Haitian Revolution
Definition
Inspired by the French revolution and centered around slaves' liberty. Consisted of a slave revolt. The revolution left free whites and blacks equal.
Term
Democracy
Definition
Form of government adopted by the revolutionaries, in which the people participate in the government either directly or indirectly.
Term
Third Estate
Definition
Legal and social class in France before the revolution consisting of everyone who wasn't noble or a member of the clergy; they were the majority of the nation (98%) and had virtually no rights.
Term
Declaration of the Right of Man and Citizen
Definition
At the start of the French Revolution, the national assembly issued this document which states that "men are born and remain free and equal in rights".
Term
Reign of Terror
Definition
Name given to the year (1793-1794) when the revolutionary government executed tens of thousands accused of being enemies of the revolution, starting with King Louis XVII
Term
Sarocranct
Definition
above or beyond criticism, change, or interference; sacred
Term
Radical
Definition
extreme
Term
insurrection
Definition
an act or instance rising in revolt or rebellion against civil authority or established government
Term
Dregs
Definition
The least valuable part of anything; a small quantity
Term
Emancipation
Definition
Being freed; not constrained by custom or tradition
Term
Ideology
Definition
The body of doctrine, myth, belief, etc. that guides an individual, social movement, class, or large group
Term
Suffrage
Definition
The right to vote
Term
Egalitarian
Definition
Belief in the equality of all people
Term
Hereditary
Definition
passing from parent to child
Term
Authoritarian
Definition
Favoring complete obedience or subjection to authority as opposed to individual freedom
Term
Republic
Definition
form of government that does not consist of one main ruler but the people of the state have an impact on the government.
Term
Napoleon Bonaparte
Definition
French Emperor who spread the ideals of the revolution through Europe by conquest with mixed results
Term
Tousaint Loventure
Definition
Former slave who led the slave revolt in Haiti that resulted in independence for Haiti from France
Term
Creoles
Definition
Native born elites in the Spanish Colonies; that is, they were born in the Americas but their parents had come from Spain or Portugal
Term
Equality
Definition
Idea used to overcome class differences, by arguing that all people born in the Americas were equal
Term
Abolition
Definition
Name given to the movement to end slavery in the 19th century
Term
Feminism
Definition
the struggle for women to prove they are equal to men
Term
Nation
Definition
Group of humans with a distinct culture and territory
Term
Racial Nationalism
Definition
developed in germany; citizens are defined membership of a nation by excluding those who were perceived not to have the same ancestry.
Term
Declaration of Rights of Women
Definition
Written during the French Revolution by Olympe de Gouges stating that women should have equal rights and liberties as men
Term
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Definition
She led the first organized expression of feminism as an ideal, at the Senaca Falls Conference in NY, 1848
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