Term
| What are the major anastomoses of the heart? |
|
Definition
Anterior interventricular (branch of left coronary) @ Posterior interventricular (branch of right coronary)
Circumflex (continuation of left coronary) @ right coronary |
|
|
Term
| With what arteries does the musculophrenic artery anastomose? |
|
Definition
Lower posterior intercostals
Deep circumflex iliac |
|
|
Term
| What lobes of the liver does the left hepatic artery supply? Right hepatic artery? |
|
Definition
Left: Left, caudate, quadrate
Right: Right, quadrate (sometimes) |
|
|
Term
| What are the two layers of superficial abdominal fascia, and what's the difference? |
|
Definition
Superficial, fatty layer: Camper's
Deep membranous layer: Scarpa's (this layer is continuous with superficial fascia of scrotum) |
|
|
Term
| Where does the transversalis fascia run, and with what is it continuous? |
|
Definition
| Runs btw the transversus abdominus muscle and the extraperitoneal fat; continuous with the pelvic fascia (aka the epimysium of the iliacus muscle) |
|
|
Term
| Where does the endothoracic fascia run? |
|
Definition
| Between the intercostal muscles and the pleura in the thorax. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AKA the deep penile fascia.
Surrounds the corpus spongiosum and the corpora cavernosa. |
|
|
Term
| With what structure is the external spermatic fascia continuous? |
|
Definition
| The aponeurosis of the external obliques. |
|
|
Term
| With what structure is the cremasteric fascia continuous? |
|
Definition
| The internal oblique muscles. |
|
|
Term
| With what structure is the internal spermatic fascia continuous? |
|
Definition
| The transversalis fascia of the abdomen. |
|
|
Term
| What is Colle's fascia, and with what is it continuous? |
|
Definition
AKA Superficial perineal fascia.
Defines the superficial boundary of the superficial perineal space.
Continuous with the superficial fascia of the penis and scrotum. |
|
|
Term
| What landmarking purpose does the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm serve? |
|
Definition
| It serves as the deep boundary of the superficial perineal space, and the inferior boundary of the deep perineal space. |
|
|
Term
| The obturator fascia is the attachment for what tendon? (What muscle does the tendon originate from?) |
|
Definition
| The obturator fascia is an attachment site for the tendinous arch of the levator ani muscle. |
|
|
Term
| What structures or areas are drained by the thoracic duct? |
|
Definition
| Nodes of the right and left lower extremities, pelvis, LEFT thorax, LEFT upper extremity, and LEFT head and neck. |
|
|
Term
| What structures or areas are drained by the right lymphatic duct? |
|
Definition
| Nodes of the RIGHT thorax, RIGHT upper extremity and RIGHT head/neck. |
|
|
Term
| What five lymph nodes drain the breast? What specific regions do they drain? |
|
Definition
1) Parasternal (medial)
2) Inguinal (inferior)
3) Infraclavicular (superior)
4) Axillary (everywhere - the predominant drainage of the breast)
5) Apical axillary (superior, as well as other axillary nodes) |
|
|
Term
| What are the four parietal lymph nodes of the thorax? What do they drain? |
|
Definition
1) Parasternal (medial breast, upper abd. wall, anterior pleura, some liver)
2) Intercostal (lateral & posterior thoracic wall)
3) Diaphragmatic (liver, pleura, diaphragm)
4) Posterior mediastinal (pleura, esophagus) |
|
|
Term
| What are the four visceral lymph nodes of the thorax? What do they drain? |
|
Definition
1) Pulmonary (lungs)
2) Bronchopulmonary (drain pulmonary nodes, and bronchi)
3) Inf./Sup. Tracheobronchal (drain bronchopulmonary & post. mediastinal nodes, trachea, and heart)
4) Paratracheal (drain tracheobronchal nodes) |
|
|
Term
| What structures are drained by the preaortic lymph nodes? |
|
Definition
Abdominal viscera that have blood supply from celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, or inferior mesenteric artery.
(In other words, everything but the kidneys, adrenals, pelvic viscera, and genitalia.) |
|
|
Term
| What structures are drained by the lateral aortic (AKA para-aortic) nodes? |
|
Definition
| Drains the kidneys, suprarenal glands, ureters, posterior abdominal wall, testes/ovaries, uterine tubes, superior uterus and all iliac nodes. |
|
|
Term
What are the three iliac lymph nodes, and what structures do they drain?
In turn, what drains the iliac nodes? |
|
Definition
Common: drains external and iliac nodes.
External: drain inguinal nodes, abdominal wall, perineum and lower pelvic viscera.
Internal: drain pelvic viscera, perineum and the gluteal region except for the skin.
All three are drained by the lateral aortic nodes. |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the external intercostals. |
|
Definition
A: rib to rib, going from sup/lat to inf/med
F: elevation of rib
I: intercostal |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the internal and innermost intercostals. |
|
Definition
A: rib to rib, oriented sup/med to inf/lat
F: depression of rib
I: intercostal |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the transversus thoracis. |
|
Definition
A: posterior sternum to costal cartilages
F: depression of rib
I: intercostal |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the cremasters. |
|
Definition
A: medial edge of int. obliques to spermatic cord
F: elevation of testes
I: genitofemoral |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the diaphragm. |
|
Definition
A: xiphoid process, internal surface of lower ribs/costal cartilages, medial & lateral arcuate ligaments, lumbar vertebrae, central tendon
F: inspiration (create negative thoracic pressure by inferior displacement)
I: PHRENIC
"C3, 4, and 5 keep the diaphragm alive." |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the external obliques. |
|
Definition
A: Lower 8 ribs, iliac crest, rectus sheath.
F: flexion & rotation of trunk; compression of abd. cavity
I: ventral rami T7-12 |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the internal obliques. |
|
Definition
A: thoracolumbar fascia, inguinal ligament, iliac crest, rectus sheath
F: flexion & rotation of trunk; compression of abd. cavity
I: lower thoracic AND ventral rami of L1 |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the quadratus lumborum. |
|
Definition
A: rib #12, iliolumbar ligament, iliac crest
F: extension & lateral flexion of trunk; fixation of 12th rib during inspiration
I: ventral rami T12-L3 |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the rectus abdominis. |
|
Definition
A: xiphoid process of sternum and adjacent costal cartilages, pubic crest, pubic tubercle
F: flexion of trunk; compression of abd. cavity
I: lower thoracic ventral rami |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the transversus abdominis. |
|
Definition
A: lower 6 costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, inguinal ligament, iliac crest, rectus sheath
F: compression of abd. cavity
I: lower thoracic & L1 ventral rami |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the coccygeus. |
|
Definition
A: ischial spine, sacrospinous ligament, coccyx
F: supports & compresses posterior pelvic floor
I: ventral rami S4 & 5 |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the levator ani. |
|
Definition
A: pubic symphysis, obturator fascia, ischial spine, midline raphe, anococcygeal ligament
F: supports pelvic viscera, compresses rectum and vagina
I: inferior rectal branches of the pudendal, AND S4 |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the bulbospongiosus (male only). |
|
Definition
A: Median raphe, perineal body (central tendon), bulb of penis
F: Empties urethra, maintains erection, contracts during ejaculation
I: Perineal branch of pudendal |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the bulbospongiosus (female only). |
|
Definition
A: perineal body to vestibular bulb, vaginal orifice and clitoris
F: constriction of vaginal orifice and erection of clitoris
I: perineal branch of pudendal |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the ischiocavernosus. |
|
Definition
A: ischial tuberosity, ischial ramus, aponeurosis of crus of penis/clitoris
F: compress crus during erection
I: perineal branch of pudendal |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the sphincter ani externus. |
|
Definition
A: perineal body (central tendon) to anococcygeal raphe
F: close anal canal; fix perineal body
I: inferior rectal branch of pudendal |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the sphincter urethrae. |
|
Definition
A: surrounds the urethra
F: compress urethra
I: perineal branch of pudendal |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the compressor urethrae. |
|
Definition
A: Ischiopubic ramus to midline (passes ventral to urethra and inferior to sphincter urethrae), with varying fibers going out to the vagina
F: compress urethra
I: perineal branch of pudendal |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the sphincter urethrovaginalis. |
|
Definition
A: perineal body, surrounding vagina and urethra, meets contralateral muscle inferior to compressor urethrae
F: compress urethra/vagina
I: perineal branch of pudendal |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the deep transverse perineus. |
|
Definition
A: ischial tuberosity to perineal body (central tendon)
F: fix perineal body
I: perineal branch of pudendal |
|
|
Term
| Name the attachments, functions and innervation of the superficial transverse perineus. |
|
Definition
A: ischial tuberosity, perineal body (central tendon)
F: fix perineal body
I: perineal branch of pudendal |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the phrenic nerve? What are its roots? |
|
Definition
Roots: C3-5
F1) Sensory & postsymp to pericardium, central tendon (and adjacent pleura and peritoneum)
F2) Motor & postsymp to diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the intercostal nerve from T1-T6? What are the major branches here? |
|
Definition
F: sensory & postsymp to intercostal muscles, parietal pleura & skin; motor to intercostals
1 - lateral cutaneous
2 - anterior cutaneous
3 - collateral
4 - intercostobrachial (sensory/post symp to skin of proximal, medial arm) |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the intercostal nerve from T7-T11? What are the major branches here? |
|
Definition
Sensory & postsymp to intercostal muscles, anterior abdominal muscles, peripheral diaphragm, parietal pleura & parietal peritoneum
Motor to intercostal & anterior abd. muscles
1 - lateral cutaneous (skin overlying lateral intercostals)
2 - anterior cutaneous (skin overlying your totally sweet six-pack)
3 - collateral |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the subcostal nerve? |
|
Definition
Sensory & postsymp to skin overlying lateral & anterior abd. wall, parietal peritoneum and muscles of abd. wall
Motor to muscles of ant. abd. wall |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the iliohypogastric nerve? What are its roots? |
|
Definition
Root: L1
Sensory & postsymp to skin overlying lower anterior abd. wall
Sensory, postsymp & motor to muscles of ant. abd. wall |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the ilioinguinal nerve? Wat are its roots? |
|
Definition
Root: L1
Sensory & postsymp to skin overlying proximomedial thigh, root of penis and scrotum (or mons pubis & labia majora)
Sensory, postsymp and motor to muscles of anterior abd. wall |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the genitofemoral nerve? What are its roots? |
|
Definition
Roots: L1 & L2
Genital branch: Sensory & postsymp to skin overlying labia majora or scrotum; sensory postsymp & motor to cremaster
Femoral branch: sensory & postsymp to skin overlying femoral triangle |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles? |
|
Definition
| Sensory, motor and postsymp thoughtfully provided by muscular branches of ventral rami of the lumbar nerves. |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve? What are its roots? |
|
Definition
Roots: S2-S4
Sensory & postsymp to skin overlying anus
Sensory, motor and postsymp to external anal sphincter |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the perineal branch of the pudendal nerve? |
|
Definition
1) Sensory, postsymp & prepara to corpus spongiosum or bulb of vestibule
2) Sensory & postsymp to spongy urethra
3) Sensory, postsymp & motor to perineal muscles
4) Sensory & postsymp to skin overlying labia major, minora, lower vagina, urethra or scrotum (via posterior labial/scrotal branches) |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris or penis? |
|
Definition
Sensory & postsymp to skin overlying penis or clitoris
Sensory, postsymp & prepara to corpus cavernosum |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of white rami communicans, and what level of spinal nerves are they relevant for? |
|
Definition
T1-L2
Carry presymp axons to the sympathetic chain, celiac, superior mesenteric and aorticorenal ganglia
Carry sensory axons from viscera to spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of gray rami communicans? |
|
Definition
| Carry postsymp axons from sympathetic chain to spinal nerves for distribution through dorsal/ventral rami |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves? |
|
Definition
| Sensory & postsymp axons going from cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia out to cardiac and pulmonary plexuses. |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of upper thoracic splanchnic nerves? |
|
Definition
| Carry sensory and postsymp axons passing from upper thoracic sympathetic chain to the aortic plexus. |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the greater splanchnic nerve? What are its roots? |
|
Definition
T5-T9
Presymp axons to celiac ganglion
Sensory axons from viscera supplied by celiac artery |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the lesser splanchnic nerve? What are its roots? |
|
Definition
T10-T11
Presymp axons to superior mesenteric ganglion
Sensory axons from viscera supplied by superior mesenteric artery |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the least splanchnic nerve? What are its roots? |
|
Definition
T12 only
Presymp axons to the aorticorenal ganglion
Sensory axons from viscera supplied by renal, suprarenal and gonadal arteries |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the lumbar splanchnic nerve? What are its roots? |
|
Definition
L1-L5
Presymp axons to the inferior mesenteric ganglion and other ganglia in the hypogastric plexus
Sensory axons from viscera supplied by inferior mesenteric and internal iliac arteries |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the sacral splanchnic nerve? What are its roots? |
|
Definition
S1-S5
Presymp axons to ganglia in hypogastric plexus
Sensory axons from viscera supplied by inferior mesenteric and internal iliac arteries |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of celiac ganglia? |
|
Definition
| Houses postsymp neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the celiac artery. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of superior mesenteric ganglia? |
|
Definition
| Houses postsymp neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the superior mesenteric artery. |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the aorticorenal ganglia? |
|
Definition
| Houses postsymp neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the renal, suprarenal and gonadal arteries. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of inferior mesenteric ganglia? |
|
Definition
| Houses postsymp neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the inferior mesenteric artery. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the cardiac plexus? |
|
Definition
| Sensory, postsymp (C/P splanchnic) and prepara (vagus) axons innervating the heart and coronary arteries. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the pulmonary plexus? |
|
Definition
| Sensory, postsymp (C/P splanchnic) and prepara (vagus) axons to the pulmonary and bronchial arteries, trachea, and bronchi |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the superior mesenteric plexus? |
|
Definition
| Sensory, presymp (lesser splanchnic), postsymp (sup. mesenteric gang.), and prepara (vagus) axons to viscera supplied by superior mesenteric artery |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the aorticorenal plexus? |
|
Definition
| Sensory, presymp (least splanchnic), postsymp (aorticorenal gang.), and prepara (vagus) axons to viscera supplied by renal, suprarenal and gonadal arteries |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the inferior mesenteric plexus? |
|
Definition
| Sensory, presymp (lumbar splanchnic), postsymp (inf. mesenteric gang.), and prepara (pelvic splanchnic) axons to viscera supplied by inferior mesenteric artery |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the celiac plexus? |
|
Definition
| Sensory, presymp (greater splanchnic), postsymp (celiac gang.), and prepara (vagus) axons to viscera supplied by superior mesenteric artery |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the hypogastric plexus? |
|
Definition
| Sensory, presymp (lumbar splanchnic), postsymp (inf. mesenteric gang.), and prepara (pelvic splanchnic) axons to viscera supplied by the internal iliac artery |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the vagus nerve? |
|
Definition
| Prepara (and sensory) axons innervating thoracic and abdominal viscera to the level of the left colic flexure |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the pelvic splanchnic nerves? |
|
Definition
| Sensory & prepara axons innervating the descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, bladder, uterus & erectile tissue |
|
|
Term
| What are the autonomic functions of the pudendal nerve? |
|
Definition
| Prepara axons to the corpus spongiosum (bulb of vestibule) and corpora cavernosa |
|
|
Term
| What structures are contained within the falciform ligament? |
|
Definition
| Surrounds ligamentum teres and the paraumbilical vein. |
|
|
Term
| What structures are surrounded by the hepatoduodenal ligament? |
|
Definition
| Hepatic artery, bile duct, hepatic portal vein. |
|
|
Term
| What structures are surrounded by the hepatogastric ligament? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structures are contained within the lesser omentum? |
|
Definition
| Hepatoduodenal ligament, hepatogastric ligament, epiploic foramen |
|
|
Term
| What ligament surrounds the splenic vessels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ligament surrounds the fetal umbilical vein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ligament surrounds the short gastric vessels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ligament extends from the splenic flexure of the colon to the diaphragm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three folds of the peritoneum, and what do they surround? |
|
Definition
Median umbilical (urachus)
Medial umbilical (umbilical arteries)
Lateral umbilical (inf. epigastric a./v.) |
|
|
Term
| What are the three mesenteries of the peritoneum, and what do they surround? |
|
Definition
Mesentery proper (branches of sup. mesenteric vessels)
Sigmoid mesocolon (branches of inf. mesenteric vessels)
Transverse mesocolon (branches of middle colic vessels) |
|
|
Term
| What are the three peritoneal folds associated with the ovary? What do they surround? |
|
Definition
Mesovarium (ovarian & suspensory ligaments, and ovarian vessels)
Mesosalpinx (uterine tubes)
Mesometrium (uterine vessels) |
|
|
Term
| What are the four regions of the uterine tubes? |
|
Definition
Fimbria
Ampulla
Infundibulum
Isthmus |
|
|
Term
| What are the four lobes of the liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With what arteries do the superior intercostal arteries anastomose? |
|
Definition
| Anterior intercostals 1 & 2 |
|
|
Term
| With what arteries does the left gastric artery anastomose? |
|
Definition
| Right gastric and short gastric |
|
|
Term
| With what artery does the short gastric artery anastomose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With what arteries does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery anastomose? |
|
Definition
| Superior pancreaticoduodenal and jejeunal |
|
|
Term
| With what arteries does the jejeunal artery anastomose? |
|
Definition
| Inferior pancreaticoduodenal and ileal |
|
|
Term
| With what arteries does the ileal artery anastomose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With what arteries does the ileocolic artery anastomose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With what arteries does the right colic artery anastomose? |
|
Definition
| Ileocolic and middle colic |
|
|
Term
| With what arteries does the middle colic artery anastomose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With what arteries does the left colic artery anastomose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With what arteries does the sigmoid artery anastomose? |
|
Definition
| Left colic and superior rectal |
|
|
Term
| With what arteries does the superior rectal artery anastomose? |
|
Definition
| Sigmoid & inferior rectal |
|
|
Term
| With what arteries does the uterine artery anastomose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four major branches of the internal thoracic artery? |
|
Definition
- Pericardiacophrenic
- Anterior intercostals, 1-6
- Musculophrenic (which gives off anterior intercostals 7-9)
- Superior epigastric |
|
|
Term
| What are the three major branches of the splenic artery? |
|
Definition
Short gastric
Great pancreatic
Left gastroepiploic |
|
|
Term
| What are the six branches of the superior mesenteric artery? |
|
Definition
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal
Jejeunal
Ileal
Ileocolic
Right colic
Middle colic |
|
|
Term
| What are the three major branches of the inferior mesenteric artery? |
|
Definition
Left colic
Sigmoid
Superior rectal |
|
|
Term
| What are the four major branches of the internal pudendal artery? |
|
Definition
Inferior rectal
Perineal (gives rise to posterior labial/scrotal branches)
Deep artery of the clitoris/penis
Dorsal artery of the clitoris/penis |
|
|
