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(1365-1430)
Female, Italian French Late-medieval/Renaissance author. Wrote _City of the Ladies_ (book stood as a testament to great women) |
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Philosophy of Plato that assumes preexistent Ideal forms of which all earthly things are imperfect models. Distinguished between an eternal sphere of being and the perishable world of human existence.
Especially strong in Florence under the Medicis |
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| Belief that education should promote individual virtue and public service. Most striking examples found in Renaissance Florence. |
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| scholarly study of the Latin and Greek classics and of the ancient Fathers, both for its own sake and in the hope of reviving respected ancient norms and values. |
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b1463-d1494
Italian Renaissance Philosopher. Wrote the _Oration on the Dignity of Man_ which has been called the "Manifesto of the Renaissance", and a key text of Renaissance humanism. |
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| is the use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition |
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April 9, 1454
A peace agreement between Milan, Naples, and Florence. Established permanent boundaries between Milanese and Venetian territories in Northern Italy. Created a balance of power, that excluded smaller states. |
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| Ludovico il Muro (Sforza) |
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b1452-d1508
Duke of Milan, patron of Da Vinci, invited the French to invade Italy for his own gain - backfired. |
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b1443-d1513
The Warrior Pope. Papacy marked by active foreign policy. Commissioned the building of St. Peter's Basilica and Michelangelo's work in the Sistine Chapel |
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b1469 - d 1527
Italian historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist and writer based in Florence during the Renaissance. Wrote _The Prince_. |
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| unpopular tax on salt in France |
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b 1451 - d 1504
Queen of Spain, with her Husband, Ferdinand, completed the Reconquista of Spain. Expelled Jews or forced conversion. Funded Columbus' voyage. Secured power of Habsburgs in future through marriage alliances. |
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| 15th-century Spanish Dominican friar and the first Grand Inquisitor in Spain's movement to restore Christianity among its populace in the late 15th century. Also the confessor of Isabella of Castile. One of the chief supporters of the Alhambra Decree to expel the Jews from Spain. |
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| Episodes between 1455-1485. series of dynastic wars fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the houses of Lancaster and York, for the throne of England. Secured the Ascendancy of the Tudors. |
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| 1356 - the regulations for electing the Holy Roman Emperor |
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| Flourished from late 15th century to about 1520, when it was absorbed into Reformation. More secular than Italian Renaissance, although still very religious! Example: Erasmus. |
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b 1466 - d 1536
Dutch Renaissance Humanist. Wrote _On Free Will_, and _The Praise of Folly_. Critical of the Catholic Church, but kept distance from Reformation. Was "the egg Luther hatched". |
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b 1478 - d 1535
English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman and noted Renaissance humanist. He was an important councillor to Henry VIII. Went against Henry VIII's divorce and was beheaded. |
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b 1394 – d 1460
Brother of the Portuguese King, he was responsible for exploring the coast of Africa, often motivated by the legend of Prester John. |
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b 1480 - d 1521
Portuguese explorer who became known for having organised the first circumnavigation of the globe. |
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| seafaring indigenous peoples of the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and the northern Lesser Antilles. They were one of the Arawak peoples of South America |
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| ethnic groups of central Mexico, whose capital was Tenochtitlan. |
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| Last sovereign leader of the Inca Empire. Spaniard Francisco Pizarro captured Atahualpa and used him to control the Inca Empire. Eventually, the Spanish executed Atahualpa, effectively ending the empire. |
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| Soldiers, explorers, and adventurers at the service of the Portuguese and Spanish Empire. Colonized much of the world for Portugal and Spain in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries. |
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| Large landed estate in Spanish Latin America, owned by Peninsulares or Creoles. Laborers were usually subject in some legal way to the owner. |
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| (Spanish Latin America) Formal grant of the right to the labor of a specific number of Indians, 100s-1000s, for a particular period of time. Force behind economic activity until mid-16th century. |
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| Sparked in 1517, by the posting of Luther's 95 Theses, these was the broad movement to revise the doctrine, rituals, leadership, and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church. It eventually led to the development of Protestantism. |
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| Remission of the temporal penalty of punishment in purgatory that remained after sins had been forgiven. (Encouraged by Tetzel, disliked by Luther, paid for St. Peter's Basilica) |
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| Church offices granted by the ruler of a state or pope to an individual. (Paid positions) |
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| (1483 - 1546) A German monk, Catholic priest, professor of theology and seminal figure of a reform movement in 16th century Christianity, subsequently known as the Protestant Reformation. Believed in Justification by Faith, was sent to testify in front of the Diet of Worms. Had 95 Theses - NAILED IT! |
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| Written by Martin Luther in 1517 and is widely regarded as the initial catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. The disputation protests against clerical abuses, especially the sale of indulgences. |
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| 1500 – 1558. Ruler of HRE (1519-56) from Habsburg family until he abdicated. |
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| (1463-1525). Elector of Saxony, is notable as being one of the most powerful early defenders of Martin Luther, Lutheranism and the Protestant Reformation, even though he stayed a Roman Catholic for all of his life. |
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| Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire, which addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation. Provided Luther with an audience for his views. |
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| Protestants (more radical during the Reformation) who insisted that only adult baptism conformed to scripture. Amish are direct decedents of this movement. "Double Dippers:. |
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| John Calvin's doctrine that all events have been willed by God. John Calvin interpreted biblical predestination to mean that God willed eternal damnation for some people and salvation for others |
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| a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice of John Calvin. Differed with Lutherans on the real presence of Christ in the Lord's supper. Based in Geneva during Reformation |
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| 1555 - treaty between Charles V and the forces of the Schmalkaldic League, an alliance of Lutheran princes. Officially ended the religious struggle between the two groups and made the legal division of Christendom permanent within the Holy Roman Empire. Allowed Holy Roman Empire's states' princes to select either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the domains they controlled |
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| (1494-1536) English scholar who became a leading figure in Protestant reform in the years leading up to his execution. He is well known for his translation of the Bible into English. He was influenced by the work of Desiderius Erasmus. |
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| (1491 – 1547) 2nd monarch of the Tudor Dynasty. Led the English Reformation by breaking away from the Catholic church, when he could not acquire a Divorce from Catherine who could not secure his Dynastic succession. |
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| (1501-1536) 2nd wife of Henry VIII and mother to Elizabeth I. Was factor in Henry VIII's decision to break away from the Catholic church. Not all about love, also for dynastic concerns! |
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(1534)
Piece of legislation that granted King Henry VIII of England Royal Supremacy. Declared he was the supreme head of the Church of England. It is still the legal authority of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom |
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| (1539) Passed under Henry VIII. Reinforced existing heresy laws and reasserted traditional Catholic doctrine as the basis of faith for the English Church. Remained Henry's stance on reforms until his death. The act also represented a political defeat for Cromwell, Archbishop Cranmer. |
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| (1549) Put into place under English King Edward VI, it was one of the first steps towards the official introduction of Protestant doctrine and practice into England and Wales. It established The Book of Common Prayer as the sole legal form of worship in England. |
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period of Catholic revival beginning with the Council of Trent (1545–1563) and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War (1648), which is sometimes considered a response to the Protestant Reformation. Was a comprehensive effort composed of four major elements:
Ecclesiastical or structural reconfiguration
Religious orders
Spiritual movements
Political dimensions |
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| "Society of Jesus" founded by Ignatius of Loyola (1540). Important force in bringing Catholic Reformation to common people and making it relatable. (Jedi's for Jesus :) ) |
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| (1545 - 1563) an Ecumenical Council of the Catholic Church, convened to discuss the condemnations on what it defined as Protestant heresies at the time of the Reformation and defined Church teachings in the areas of Scripture and Tradition, Original Sin, Justification, Sacraments, the Eucharist in Holy Mass and the veneration of saints |
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| School founded in 1559 at the urging of John Calvin, who had been a young humanist before his conversion to Protestantism and remained convinced that a sound humanistic education was the essential foundation for true theology. |
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| Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra |
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| (b1547 - d1616) Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright who is most well known for writing Don Quixote (considered to be the first modern European novel). |
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| (1564-1616) English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. The Bard. |
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| (1564-1593) English dramatist, poet and translator of the Elizabethan era. Marlowe was the foremost Elizabethan tragedian of his day. Greatly influenced Shakespeare. |
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| A form of drama based on human suffering that invokes in its audience an accompanying catharsis or pleasure in the viewing. (ex: Romeo and Juliet, Othello, Macbeth) |
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1543-63
Called by the Catholic church. The primary result was reform within the Catholic Church and a reaffirmation of Catholic doctrine |
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| A series of dynastic wars fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the houses of Lancaster and York. Resulted in the ascendancy of the House of Tudor. |
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| A curriculum based on the study of the classics, rhetoric, and history |
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| Black Death, Printing Press, Discovery of the New World, Sack of Rome |
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Put the following in chronological order:
Printing Press,
Sack of Rome,
Discovery of the New World
Black Death |
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