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| highly developed, pre columbian nation. Fell by 900 AD |
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| ruled by Inca their ruler. Married half sisters so that they could keep their bloodlines. |
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| warlike people. Constant warfare. Tenochtitlan was capital; “floating city” |
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| finds present day Newfoundland. Leader of the Viking Voyage |
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| wanted to find route to India. Instead landed at North America. Inspired expansion to the Americas |
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| Goods exchanged between Europe, Africa, and America. |
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| conquered the aztec empire |
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| God, gold, glory. Wrote about the inhumane treatment of the natives by the Spanish. |
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| conquests to try and take back “The Holy Land” from Muslims. |
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| some people were upset that the Catholic church was selling indulgences. They break away to form a new church. |
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| Church of England was selling this as a way to buy forgiveness from God. Led to many protests. |
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| wrote thesis against Catholic indulgences. Lead the protestant movement |
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| King of England. Formed Church of England so that he can be granted the divorce that he wanted. |
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| also called the Protestant Reformation. Led to the breaking away of a number of Christian churches from the Roman Catholic Church. |
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| “The Virgin Queen”. Became queen after Mary died. Brought about the age of prosperity and wealth |
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| Most powerful navy in the world before it was defeated by the English. |
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| England’s main rival. Colonized most of the southern part of North America. |
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| Famous lost Colony of Roanoke. Sir Walter Raleigh left for England to get supplies. When he came back, he the colony seemed to have disappeared. |
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| First successful english settlement in the Americas. |
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| leader and founder of the Virginia Colony |
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| credited for first successful cultivation as an export crop in Virginia. Pocahontas’ husband. |
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| helped the settlers of Jamestown survive by sharing her expertise. |
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| chief of the Powhatan indians. Constantly led surprise attacks on Jamestown settlers. |
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| first document passed by the English parliament that gave rights to English citizens |
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| royally appointed governor of Virginia. Hated by Virginians |
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| rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor Berkeley |
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| Led the Bacon rebellion. Actually died from dysentery. |
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| Chesapeake colony founded originally as a haven for Catholics that wanted to get away from the oppressive church of england. |
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| save haven for the separatists, one type of the puritan people. |
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| name for the early settlers of the Plymouth Colony. |
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| developed calvinism, a major branch of Western Christianity that broke away from the Roman Catholic church. |
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| established originally to find gold in 1607. Had a rough start. Saved by tobacco. Had tons of problems with Native Americans. |
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| first recorded attempt by the settlers at self government. Pilgrims signed this on the mayflower before they docked in Plymouth. |
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| nonconformists sponsored by Massachusetts Bay Co to escape religious persecution in England. |
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| elected governor and founder of the Massachusetts Bay colony |
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| One type of Puritans. people who did not belong to a traditional Christian or Anglican church. Advocated religious liberty. |
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| Other type of Puritans. Hated the Church of England. Wanted to to destroy it. |
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| a type of English protestants. Did not agree with the Church of England, but could not reform it so they formed their own church. |
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| founder of Rhode Island. Seeking religious freedom. Had problems in Massachusetts Bay. |
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| Also had problems at Massachusetts Bay. Protested against the puritans. This was a major part in breaking apart the Puritans. |
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| restoration colonies. Developed separately. North Carolina more industrial based. South Carolina more agriculture based. Had more slaves. |
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| originally was to be a place to send debtors so that they could start a new life. Became a plantation state. Funded by charter from King George II |
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| ounded Georgia. Wanted it to be a place for debtors to start over, but realized people were not going there for that reason. |
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| was looking for a waterway through America to Asia. Found the Hudson river. Thrown overboard by his crew when they no longer wanted to continue. Claimed Hudson bay for England. |
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| dutch trade colony. Was taken by the British after the dutch surrendered without a fight |
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| named after the Duke of York (british). Was originally the dutch’s city (named New Amsterdam). |
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| founded as a home for the Quakers. funded by King Charles II of England in 1681. |
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| founder of Pennsylvania. Named after his father. Made a deal with King Charles: William would get rid of the debt if the king gave him land in America. |
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| a branch of Christians. Three main beliefs: pacifism, forgiveness for most things, and individual human rights. Revolutionary ideas at the time. |
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| system from jamestown that paid 50 acres for each individual brought over to help cultivate tobacco. |
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| a worker in contract with an employer for a certain length of time. Usually contracted for 7 years. Might get land from the master at the end of his contract. |
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| the selling of African slaves by the Europeans that happened in an around the Atlantic ocean. |
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| series of country court trials which accused people of being witches. All kinds of crazy evidence was used to accuse women of being witches. |
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| famous philosopher. Wrote The Two Treatises. Was also assistant to Carolina founder, Lord Shaftesbury. |
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| deciding how and how much money is spent. Colonies assembly usually had this power and could use it to force the governor to work with the public by holding his payment. |
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| the governing body for a a colony. |
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| either appointed by the king or elected by the people . Head of the colonial assembly. |
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| first elected body of officials in the Americas. Established by the Virginia company. |
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| French and Indian War/Seven Years War |
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| Both the british and the French said they owned the Ohio River valley. French lost and was kicked out of North America. Their land taken over by the British and the spanish. |
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| built by the French on the Ohio River Valley. English took this as a sign of war and sent Major George Washington to deal with it. Washington lost and was pushed back. Start of the French and Indian War. |
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| officially ended the French and Indian War. France kicked out of North America. |
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| This is the king that the thirteen colonists fought against for their independence. |
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| decree by King George that forbade the colonists from settling west on the land that they had just won from France. Greatly angered the colonists. |
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| prime minister of Great Britain during George III’s rule. Oversaw the passing of the Stamp Act. |
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| taxation on sugar and molasses on The Colonies to pay for The French and Indian War |
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| part of the Intolerable Acts. Forced colonists to house British soldiers against their will. |
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| restricted the colonies from creating their own paper money. Had to use the British official currency. |
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| group of people during the time of the American Revolution. Led by Samuel Adams, James Otis, and Paul Revere. Pushed for rights of colonial americans. Main group involved in the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party |
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| Treasurer for George III. managed to to push the Townshend Acts, which taxed glass, paint, paper, and most importantly, TEA. |
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| colonists considered this to be the start of the American revolution. Five civilians were killed by British soldiers. To be fair, the soldiers were being harassed at first. |
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| an African-American man that was one of the first people killed in the Boston Massacre. |
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| tax on all written documents. Had to pay to get an official stamp that made it sell anything printed such as playing cards, patents, checks, mortgages, contracts, books, etc. |
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| Also known as First Congress of the American Colonies. Meeting held in NYC consisting of representatives from some of the British Colonies. |
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| series of taxes proposed by Charles Townshend so that England could pay for the French and Indian War. Taxed paint, lead, glass, and tea imported.Greatly angered colonists. Eventually repealed. |
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| Violent protest by the colonists against King George and his Tea Act. Overthrew tons of tea overboard into Boston harbor. |
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| called The Intolerable Acts by the colonists. King George wanted to make the colonists pay for what they did at the Boston Tea party. Part of the act was to close the Boston Port, which was a major trade hub. |
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| First Continental Congress |
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| convention of delegates from the thirteen colonies. Georgia was not involved. Called in response to the Intolerable Acts. Colonies discussed what they were going to do. |
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| very well known patriot. Most famous for his “Midnight Ride” where he tried to warn the colonist militia of the incoming British. |
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| commander for the continental army. First president of the United States. Led the war against the British. |
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| fficial first battle of the American Revolution. “Shots heard round the world” |
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| Second Continental Congress |
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| formed partly to manage the colonial troops fighting the revolutionary war. Approves the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. |
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| English revolutionary. Advocated for colonial independence. Author of Common Sense. |
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| Pamphlet (short book) by Thomas Paine to change the minds of people who wanted to peacefully settle their differences with the British government to fight for independence instead. |
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| third president of the United States. Wrote the Declaration of Independence while others signed it. Also wrote the Statue of Religious Freedom. |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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| official notice from the Thirteen Colonies to King George III informing him of their separation from Great Britain. Approved during the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. |
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