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| location, characteristics of place (physical geography, haman and cultural geography, human-environment interaction, movement, regions |
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physical geography: characteristics of geography and topography
human and cultural geography: religion, languages, economics, where people live in the region |
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| human environment interaction |
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| human response, human modifications, pollution |
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| peoples, goods, ideas, flora and fauna |
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| shared characteristics, defining characteristics of region are language, faith, shared heritage or history |
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| where did humanity begin? |
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| study traces or artifacts left behind |
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| study the culture and evolution of early man |
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| study, identify, date fossils |
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| 3.2 million year old hominid discovered by Donald Johanson at Hadar |
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| make many discoveries ar Oldulvai Gorge- Mary discovers fossil footprints 3.6 million years old |
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| order of the human lineage |
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| Australopithecus afarensis, homo habilis, homo erectus, homo neanderthalensis, homo sapiens |
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| Australopithecus afarensis |
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| first prehuman/human like creature/hominid (4 mill- 2 mill B.C.) |
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| "human with ability" 1st toolmaker (2.5 mill- 1.5 mill B.C.) |
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| "human who walks upright" 1st out of Africa, 1st with fire (1.6 mill- 100,00 B.C.) |
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| migrated throughout Eurasia; 1st to bury dead (200,000- 30,000 B.C.) |
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| Cro-Magnon identical to modern humans (40,000- 8,000 B.C.) |
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| migration throughout the world spanned over 1.5 million years; homo sapiens migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas; humans adapted to many different environments |
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| hunter gatherer societies |
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| nomadic, migrated in search of food, water, shelter |
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| invented 1st toold including simple weapons |
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| lived in small clans, 15-50 |
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| 2 million- 8,000 yrs B.C. |
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| developed agriculture/farming |
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| factors of the Neolithic Revolution |
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| farming develops in many places, domestication of animals |
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| causes of agricultural revolution |
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| rising temperatures=longer growing seasons> caused pop increase> steady food source was needed>people begin to farm |
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| gender equality before agricultural revolution, diminishes afterward |
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| living permanently in one place |
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| the herding of domesticated or partially domesticated animals |
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| four old-world river valley cultures |
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| Egypt, Nile; Mesopotamia, tigris and euphrates; India, Indus and Ganges; Shang China, Yellow R |
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| 5 characteristics of a civilization |
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| advanced technology, advanced cities, specialized workers, record keeping |
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| religious pattern of the cradles of civilization? |
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| social patterns of cradles of civilization? |
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| rigid class system, slavery; hereditary rulers, dynatsy |
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| political patterns of cradles of civilization? |
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| worlds 1st states; city states |
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| economic patterns of cradles of civilization |
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| increased trade along rivers and seas, increased agricultur surplus, stone age ends, bronze age begins |
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| arc of land from persian gulf to med sea |
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| land within fertile crescent between tigris and euphrates rivers |
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| populations of 5,000-25,000; centered around Ziggurats, walled for protection |
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| city states governed independently, powerful military leaders beccame Kings, priests= high rank + gov power, city states ruled by dynasties |
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| polythiesm, bleak view of death, outlook on life |
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| created when babylonians conquered mesopotamia |
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| powerful babylonian king that created world's 1st law code |
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| King of Akkad, conquered Sumerian city-states |
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| Egyptian King who united Upper and Lower Eqypt |
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| both Mesopotamia and Egypt had this type of government |
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| believed in afterlife, polytheism |
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