Term
| Levels of connective tissue from skin (from most superficial to deep) |
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Definition
Subcutis
hypodermis
superficial fascia
deep fascia |
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Term
| Name a few identifying features of superficial fascia |
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Definition
1. Dissectors usually remove it all
2. type of connective tissue
3. stores fat and water
4. serves as route for vessels and nerves
5. thermal insulator (protects in heat and cold)
6. mechanical protection |
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Term
| Name a few identifying features of deep fascia |
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Definition
1. no fat/does not store any water
2. epimysium; usually referred to as the outside layer of muscle
3. surrounds muscles; allows muscles to glide on each other, reducing friction
4. can serve as place of attachment for muscles
5. can serve as THIN route for vessels/nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| heavy, deep fascia around thigh |
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Term
| important aspects of muscles |
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Definition
origin (A): least moveable part
insertion (B): most moveable part
innervation: motor nerve supply (what makes the muscle shorten
Action: what is the muscles action; concentric contraction |
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Term
| for the lower limb does muscle action equal muscle function? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the purpose of the L.L.? |
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Definition
| Control gravity and momentum |
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Term
| Boundaries of gluteal region: |
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Definition
iliac crest (anterior, lateral - L4)
Greater trochanter
gluteal fold (posterior inferior boundary)
posterior superior iliac spine (S2); dimples of venus |
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Term
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Definition
O: Posterior sacrum and posterior ilium, sacrum, coxxyx
I: Posterior femur distal to greater trochanter and to iliotibial band
A: hip extension, hyperextension, lateral rotation
N: inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2) |
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Term
| Tensor Fascia Latae Muscle |
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Definition
O: Anterior superior iliac spine
I: Lateral condyle of tibia
A: Combined hip flexion and abduction; medial rotator
N: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5)
supports muscles of thigh |
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Term
| Tensor Fascia Latae Muscle summary and iliotibial band |
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Definition
| very short muscle with a very long tendinous attachment. Arises from Anterior superior iliac spine, crosses the hip laterally and slightly anteriorly, then attached to the long fascial band called iliotibial band, which procedes down the lateral thigh and attaches into the tibia. Is a hip abductor but is a strongest when performing a combination of flexion and abduction in an anterior direction |
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Term
| Gluteus Maximus Muscle summary in words |
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Definition
| Large, one-joint, quadrilateral-shaped, thick muscle located superficially on the posterior buttock. Arises from the general area of the posterior sacrum, coccyx, and ilium, and runs in a diagonal direction distally and laterally to the posterior femur inferior to the greater trochanter. Some fibers attach to the iliotibial band. Because it spans the hip posteriorly in this diagonal direction, it is very strong in hip extension, hyperextension, and lateral rotation |
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Term
| What do the six, small, deep, mostly posterior muscles that span the hip joint in a horizontal direction do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the six, small, deep, mostly posterior muscles that span the hip joint in a horizontal direction and laterally rotate the hip called? |
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Definition
| Obturator externus, obturator internus, quadratus, femoris, piriformis, gemellus superior, gemellus inteferior |
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Term
| What kind of organs are the six small deep mostly posterior muscles related to hip intrinsics? |
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Definition
| Proprioceptive organs; they tell the CNS the position of the hip |
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Term
| What else do we know about the six, small, deep, laterally rotating posterior hip muscles? |
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Definition
A:they primarily begin on ischium/sacrum
B: run towards but do not reach the greater trochanter
help keep us upright |
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Term
| What are the 2 lesser gluteal muscles that are more laterally located? |
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Definition
| Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus |
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Term
| Gluteus Medius Muscle (origin, insertion, innervation, action) |
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Definition
origin: outer surface of the ilium
insertion: lateral surface of the greater trochanter
action: hip abduction
innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) |
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Term
| Gluteus Minimus Muscle (origin, insertion, innervation, action) |
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Definition
origin: lateral ilium
insertion: anterior surface of the greater trochanter
action: hip abduction, medial rotation
innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) |
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Term
| Gluteus Medius Muscle summary in words |
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Definition
-triangular-shaped
-attaches proximally to the outer surface of the ilium and distally to the lateral surface of the greater trochanter
- spans the hip laterally, therefore able to abduct the hip
-the anterior fibers are able to assist the gluteus minimus muscle in medially rotating the hip |
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Term
| Gluteus Minimus Muscle summary in words |
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Definition
-lies deep and inferior to the gluteus medius muscle on the lateral ilium
-distal attachment is on the anterior aspect of the greater trochanter
-has a diagonal line of pull; making it able to medially rotate the hip
-spans the hip laterally, therefore also abducts the hip |
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Term
| Weakness of what muscles results in Trendelenberg gait? |
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Definition
-Polio
-reversal of muscle function due to GLUTEUS MEDIUS AND GLUTEUS MINIMUS MUSCLES |
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Term
| What does reversal of muscle function refer to? |
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Definition
When you stand on one leg, the distal segment (femur) becomes more stable than the proximal segment (pelvis); therefor, the origin moves towards the insertion
These muscles prevent adduction of hip when weight is bone on one leg |
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