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UCD 3 Microbiology Chp 2
Summary of chapter 2 of prescribed Microbiology text book
44
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 3
09/24/2010

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is the bacterial capsule
Definition
Extracellular polymeric material, Described as glycocalyx
Term
What is the bacterial capsule made of
Definition
Most – polysaccharide, Bacillus anthracis – polypeptide
Term
What is the bacterial capsule function
Definition

Anit-dessication

Chemical protection

Pathogenic

Adherence

Endotoxins

Resistance to phagocytosis

Term
Bacterial capsule shape
Definition
Well defined network of fibrils. If slime layer – loose network of fibrils.
Term
Peptidoglycan is found where
Definition
Cell wall of prokaryotes
Term
What is peptidoglycan made of
Definition

Alternating units of

N-acetylglucosamine 

N- acetylmuramic acid

 

Cross-linked by

Tetrapeptide side chains

Peptide cross bridges

Term
Gram neg and pos stain what colours
Definition

Gram positive is blue

 

Gram negative is red

Term
What are the four parts to the gram stain
Definition

Crystal violet

Grams Iodine

(these stain the pos blue)

 

Decolourisers

Dilute Carbol fusion

(these stain the neg red)

Term
Parts of a gram pos cell wall
Definition

Capsule

Lots of peptidoglycan

Intermittent teichoic acid

Cell membrane (phospholipid bi-layer) with

 - penicillin-binding proteins

- membrane bound proteins

Term
Parts of a gram neg cell wall
Definition
Capsule; Outer cell membrane with LPS (lipopolysaccharide) and Porin trimer; Lipoproteins; Little peptidoglycan; Inner cell membrane
Term
What does LPS stand for and What are its parts
Definition
Lipopolysaccharide; O polysaccharide side chain, Core polysaccharide, Lipid A (anchors in membrane)
Term
What do the different parts of LPS do
Definition
Lipid A: anchors in membrane, toxic part when cells lyse, important for cell structure; Core polysaccharide: ?; O polysaccharide: immunogenic (elicits immune response), absent = rough LPS, present = smooth LPS, sticks out
Term
Teichoic acid
Definition
Gram pos only; Polymer of glycerol and ribitol; Neg charge; Maintains cell structure
Term
Difference between gram neg and pos peptidoglycan
Definition
Gram pos cross links are lysine and D-alanine; Gram neg cross links are DAP and D-alanine
Term
What is peptidoglycan also called
Definition
Murein
Term
What makes up a triaglyceride
Definition
Glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Term
What makes up a phospholipid
Definition
Glycerol and 2 fatty acids and 1 phosphate group in place of the 3rd fatty acid
Term
In a cell membrane (lipid bi-layer) where are the fatty acids found
Definition
Fatty acids are facing into the midline of the membrane
Term
What does penicillin do
Definition
Interferes with cell wall synthesis
Term
What type of bacteria have no cell wall and are thus resistant to penicillin
Definition
Mycoplasmas
Term
What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes cytoplasmic membranes
Definition
Prokaryotes have no sterols present otherwise much the same
Term
What molecules can passively diffuse through the prokaryotic cell membrane
Definition
Very few: H2O, O2, CO2
Term
What important functions does the bacterial cell membrane perform
Definition
Electron transport chain and phosphorylation; Location of enzymes used in DNA synthesis, Cell wall polymer synthesis, Membrane lipid synthesis,
Term
What are the components of the bacterial cytoplasm
Definition
Aqueous solution; Nuclear material; Ribosomes; Molecules of: cell maintenance, metabolism, storage granules (starch, glycogen, polyphosphates)
Term
What storage granules are found in bacteria and What are their effect
Definition
Starch, Glycogen, Polyphosphates; They are unfavorable for growth
Term
Describe bacterial ribosomes
Definition
Ribonucleoproteins; 2 units – 50S and 20S ; 80% rRNA ; 20% mRNA and tRNA ; Polysomes – chains of mRNA during growth
Term
What are polysomes
Definition
Chains of ribosomes linked by mRNA
Term
What different types of genetic material is present in bacteria Chromosome
Definition
Plasmids; Transposons; Integrons;
Term
Describe the bacterial genome
Definition
Single haploid circular chromosome; Double stranded DNA; Small amounts of protein and RNA associated; Densely packed
Term
Describe replication of bacterial DNA
Definition
DNA unravels creating 2 parent strands => Nucleic acids adhere on, forming 2 daughter strands => 1 daughter and parent strand are passed on to each cell during binary fission
Term
What are the four types of flagella
Definition
Monotrichous ; Amphitrichous ; Lophotrichous ; Peritrichous
Term
monotrichous
Definition
Single flagella
Term
amphitrichous
Definition
2 flagella with one either end
Term
lophotrichous
Definition
Multiple flagella at one end
Term
Peritrichous
Definition
Flagella located everywhere on cell
Term
General notes on flagella
Definition
Mainly gram neg ; Provide motility ; Rarely on coccus ; Protein = flagellin
Term
What are the parts to a flagella
Definition
Basal body ; Hook ; Filament
Term
What is a pili
Definition
Another non-motile form of projection used for adherence. Mainly gram neg
Term
What is the F pili
Definition
Sex pili used in conjugations. F= fertile
Term
What are the parts to an endospore
Definition
Extracellular => Exosporium ; Outer spore coat ; Inner spore coat ; Spore cortex ; Cell wall ; Cell membrane => Intracellular
Term
What makes up an endospore
Definition
Calcium and Dipicolinic acid (Hence more sustainable in calcium rich soil)
Term
What types of bacteria form endospores (which genera)
Definition
Bacillus and Clostridia
Term
3 stages of re-emergence from and endospore
Definition
- activation - initiation - out growth
Term
General comments on endospores
Definition
Dehydrated state ; Hibernation ; More sustainable in calcium rich areas
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