Term
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Definition
-Pro-Jackson Party
-State's rights
-Glorify freedom/endeavors of individual
-Working/Farmer class
-Reduced power/authority of Fed Gov't
-Anti-B.U.S., Laissez-faire economics |
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Term
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Definition
-Anti-Jackson
-Glorify communal endeavors using Gov't
-Henry Clay
-American system
-Northern industrialists/merchants
-Upper class
-Renewed B.U.S.
-Moral reforms (prohibition etc.) |
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Term
| American/"Know Nothing" Party (1850's) |
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Definition
-Nativist (anti-immigrant)
-Protestants opposed to German/Irish Catholic immigration
-Secretive society, "I know nothing"
-Stole Whig's votes in 1852
-Won only local/state elections, withered as slavery emerges as main issue |
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Term
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Definition
-"Free: soil, speech, labor and men"
-Anti-slavery Democrats/"conscience" Whigs
-Abolitionist party (economic reasons)
-Slavery impairs ability of White workers to compete!
-Want West to be non-slave so poor Whites can improve lives there |
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Term
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Definition
Van Buren (D) vs. *William H. Harrison (W)
-"Tippecanoe and Tyler Too"
-Van Buren blamed for economic depression
-Harrison wins on charisma, dies of pneumonia, TYLER replaces in 1841 |
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Term
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Definition
*James K. Polk (D) vs. Henry Clay (W)
-Tylers own party dislikes b/c opposed B.U.S. renewal
-Democrats split between Calhoun and VB
-Polk the "dark horse" candidate, steals votes and supported by Jackson ("Young Hickory")
-Democratic EXPANSIONIST platform, annex all Texas and Oregon up to 54o40' lat
-Clay flip-flop on TX annexation, costs him NY votes and close election
-Polk's win a "mandate" for Manifest Destiny |
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Term
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Definition
Lewis Cass (D) vs *Zachary Taylor (W) vs Van Buren (FS)
-Taylor aided by war popularity (Buena Vista)
-Taylor takes no position on slavery
-Cass runs on popular sov. platform, Van Buren on anti-slavery
-Taylor wins narrow victory, Van Buren steals votes from Dems in key states
-Taylor soon dies, Millard Fillmore new Pres. |
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Term
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Definition
*Franklin Pierce (D) vs Winfield Scott (W)
-Pierce a Northerner who supports Fugitive Slave Act, garners N and S votes
-Scott a MexWar hero but no significance
-Whig party splinters over slavery issue
-Blow-out victory for Pierce |
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Term
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Definition
*James Buchanan (D) vs John C Freemont (R) vs Millard Fillmore (Am/KN)
-First Repub presidential candidacy
-Repubs run anti-slavery, Free-soil, Pro-protective tariff, and as Northern sectional party
-Freemont and Fillmore split anti-slavery voters, aids Buchanan
-Powerful first showing for Repubs, Anti-Slavery party worries Democs in that almost wins with Northern/non-slave states alone!!! |
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Term
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Definition
John Breckenridge (D-South) vs Stephen Douglass (D-North) vs John Bell (Const Union) vs *Abraham Lincoln (R)
-Lincoln running on abolitionist platform,wants all U.S. to be free soil
-Democ party split over candidate choice
-Const Union pops up as new party in Upper Southern states
-Split Electoral college results in House voting, vote in Lincoln's favor
-South secedes from Union, keeps promise |
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Term
| Southern Reaction to Election of 1860 |
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Definition
-Dec 20th, 1860 SC declares out of Union
-By two months, AL GA FL MS LA+TX all seceded
-Meet at Montgomery, AL, declare "Confederate States of America"
-Former Sec.of War Jefferson Davis:Pres
-Confederate Constitution a little diff:
*protective tariffs prohibited
*slavery protected
*one term (6 year) presidency
*state sovereignty in all matters affirmed |
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Term
| Counter-Reactions to Rebellion |
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Definition
-Some Northerners (Horace Greensby) suggest leaving South be
-Pres. Buchanan believes both sides are unconstitutional, does nothing! |
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Term
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Definition
Sen. John Crittenden of KY suggests:
-slavery, where existed, could never be abolished by any power
-Missouri Compromise line should extend to Pacific, giant issue Lincoln vs. Southern Congressman over expansion of slavery |
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Term
| United States (Union) Assets |
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Definition
-More financial resources
-Bigger population
-Greater industrial base
-Stronger Navy
-Better railroad system
-Pre-existing gov't structure |
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Term
| Confederate States' Assets |
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Definition
-Closer European ties
-Superior military leaders
-Bigger size, shorter lines of supply
-Home-ground, better familiarity with battlegrounds |
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Term
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Definition
-Northern army initially composed of volunteers (throughout war as well)
-Lack of soldiers, gov't passes "draft" bill, rich could get out by hiring/$$$
-New York Draft Riot, many Irish-Americans, "Down w/ Lincoln, Down w/ Draft"!
-Confederacy starts conscription in 1862, less concern over soldiers' ages |
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Term
| Lincoln's Drastic Measures |
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Definition
1. orders a blockade
2. increases size of army (In Const, only Congress had that right)
3. $2,000,000 to war contractors (once again, in Const only Congress could)
4. Suspended Habeus Corpus
5. Closed down newspapers, arrested editors |
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