Term
| Motivations for Exploration |
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Definition
Gold: Joint stock companies, make money
God: Religious groups who were persecuted or radical.
Glory: Nationalism motivated the British to colonize, challenge French and Spanish. Sugar cash crop in Caribbean. |
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Definition
| Spanish explorer, led to colonization in Americas, treated native americans like slaves. |
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| Spanish, English, French efforts to colonize the americans. |
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Definition
| Spanish went for Mexico and florida, French were interested in trade in the midwest, English look for settlement on east coast. |
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Definition
| Colonies defeat the native's with British support, Britain makes colonists pay for the war. End relationship of reciprocity. |
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Definition
| Britain defeats France and Spain, gain control of territory. |
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Term
| Roots of Representative Government |
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Definition
| John Locke, enlightenment thought, man born with life liberty property. |
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Definition
| Ben Franklin tells colonies join or die. |
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Definition
| British allow colonies to make decisions themselves, ends after french and indian war. |
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Definition
| Colonies can only trade with the british. |
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Definition
| Indentured servants are replaced by slaves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Laws separate races and culture leading to white superiority. |
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Term
| Political ideology behind Revolution |
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Definition
| Local self government, people felt freed from tradition of old world, didn't want limitations by british. |
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Term
| Events leading to the revolution |
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Definition
| sugar, stamp, tea acts, boston massacre, common sense by thomas paine |
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Term
| Declaration of Independence |
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Definition
| Natural rights, grievances, Resolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Colonists cannot settle west of appalachins. |
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Term
| Reasons for American victory |
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Definition
| Fighting for a high cause, good leadership, own land. |
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Term
| Accomp and fails of articles of confederation |
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Definition
Brokered peace at Paris (1783) and ended Revolutionary War.
Arranged an orderly method of settling western land (Northwest Land Ordinance).
Set precedent of having a centralized national government.
Could declare war, raise army, sign treaties.
Weak central government made running the country difficult:
• No national executive (like the president today) to make quick decisions.
• No national court system to settle disputes between states or citizens.
• 2/3 majority needed to pass legislation—NOTHING GETS DONE!!
• Unanimous vote needed to amend Articles of Confederation—how frequently does Congress agree on a proposal unanimously? Exactly.
• Could not really raise an army (states could ‘volunteer’ troops)
o Could not kick the British out of Northwestern US territory. Could not defend against Native American or Spanish threats. Could not stop pirates!!!
Did not provide sound financial footing for nation—could not tax!
• Could not regulate trade or currencies—states got into tariff wars with each other!
• Poor economy led to **Shays’ Rebellion (1786-87)**—Western Massachusetts: farmers (mostly veterans) concerned about losing land demand lower taxes and their wartime pensions. Massachusetts has to raise an army itself to quell the rebels. Led many to push for a stronger national government. Stay tuned for what happens in PA with rebels |
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Term
| Philadelphia Convention of 1787 |
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Definition
| Called for by Alexander Hamilton, "father of constitution" James Madison. Original Goal: REVISE ARTICLES not start from scratch, NJ Plan: Revise articles, equal state vote, VA Plan: Stronger national gov't, CT Plan (GREAT COMPROMISE): Bicameral legislature, House of rep, Judicial branch, executive branch |
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Term
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Definition
| To satisfy southern states, every five slaves count as three votes. |
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Term
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Definition
| First 10 amendments, satisfied anti-federalists like Jefferson. |
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Term
| Principles of constitution |
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Definition
| Checks and balances, Separation of powers, federalism, republicanism, limited government, individual rights, popular sovereignty. |
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Term
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Definition
| Congress could not ban trade until 1808, or impose taxes on the import of slaves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Played role in decided foreign policy, not congress. Put down the WHISKEY REBELLION, shows his power. |
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Term
| Washington Farewell Address |
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Definition
| Warned against alliances with Europe and political parties. |
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Term
| Development of American Two-Party system |
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Definition
| Disagreement over strength/constitutional powers of federal government, Hamilton's plan, Loose constructionists(elastic clause), strict constructionists, feared government could take liberty away from people. |
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Term
| Federalists vs Democratic-Repubs |
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Definition
| Fed: Industrial vision for america, pro-national gov, pro-britain, loose interpretation of constitution, alexander hamilton. Democratic-repub: Agricultural, protect farmers, states rights, strict interpretation, pro-france, thomas jefferson and james madison. |
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Term
| Growth of Supreme Court under John Marshall |
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Definition
| Marbury vs Madison reinforced the power of judicial review on a law. |
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Term
| John Adams and Quasi-War with France |
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Definition
| France seized American ships/goods, sailors want to retaliate, Adams sent diplomats to france, led to XYZ affair. |
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Term
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Definition
| American delegation sent to France, asked by three agents for a bribe, US angered. |
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Definition
| Controversial set of laws targeting foreigners living in U.S. because they voted Democratic-Republican. Sedition Acts attacked anyone who criticized the gov't. |
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Definition
| Adams packed the court with Federalist judges just before Jefferson took office. |
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Term
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Definition
| Main goal was to secure trade access from mississippi river to ocean, extra land is plus, costs 15 million by jefferson |
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Term
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Definition
| Prohibits American trade until Britain and France stop attacking American shipping. (Fails,ignored) |
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Term
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Definition
| Battle of Tippecanoe, Impressment of American sailors, War Hawks, British soldiers still in U.S. |
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Definition
| U.S. tries to hold Canada from british in return for end of war, fails. |
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Term
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Definition
| End of war of 1812, returned to conditions before war. Stalemate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Period of nationalism and one political party (Dem Repubs), However issues of slavery, expansion, Natives, and sectionalism still issues. |
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Term
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Definition
| Western Hemisphere closed to European colonization. |
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Term
| Andrew Jackson and Native American Policy |
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Definition
| Ordered Native Americans to lands west of the Mississippi, "Trail of Tears" |
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Term
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Definition
| 1845, after American settlers establish Lone Star republic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disputed territory between Russia, GB, and USA. President Polk sets the modern boundary between US and Canada. |
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Term
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Definition
| Area of land in modern Arizona and New Mexico acquired in treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo. |
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Term
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Definition
| Defense of Americans in disputed territory, gain land. |
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Term
| Transportation Revolutions |
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Definition
| Canals, trains, turnpikes, highways, CT, RI, MA hubs of textile industry. Fed by south's slave produced cotton. |
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Term
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Definition
| Irish, Germans, come to America in 40s and 50s because of problems in homeland. |
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Term
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Definition
| Term associated with the election of 1828 as well as Jackson's presidency, man of the people and was not afraid to associate with the "masses". |
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Term
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Definition
| South Carolina wanted to nullify the Tariff of Abominations because it hurt the southern economy. Clay made a compromise and civil war was averted. |
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Term
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Definition
| Jackson attempted to kill the national bank by removing its funds. |
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Term
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Definition
| William Lloyd Garrison - Antislavery newspaper (THE LIBERATOR), American Temperance Union (against liquor), Margaret Fuller believed in equal treatment of women (Seneca FallsConvention, gathering of women supporters, Elizabeth cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, convinced 15 states to pass laws), Rehabilitate prisoners, Horace Mann - Senator from MA that backed public education(Calvin Wiley - NC), Second Great awakening - Too secular, Protestant religions, sourthern baptist, slave religion |
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Term
| Differing ideologies between North and South |
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Definition
| South believed in slavery, states rights. |
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Term
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Definition
| Missouri enters as slave state, Maine as free state, no slavery in northern louisiana territory, grows sectionalism. |
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Term
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Definition
| California enters as free state, popular sovereignty in mexican territories, fugitive slave act, no slave trade in Washington D.C. |
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Term
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Definition
| Popular Sovereignty used for Kansas and Nebraska. Leads to "Bleeding Kansas", civil war in microcosm in Kansas over slave or free. Leads to formation of Republican Party. (combo of northern whigs and antislavery democrats) |
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Term
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Definition
| Supreme court rules that dred scott is a slave and cannot testify in court. |
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Term
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Definition
| Writes Uncle Tom's Cabin, an account of slavery and how it is morally wrong, inspires abolitionists. |
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Term
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Definition
| Goal: Seize guns, start slave revolt, Put down by Robert E. Lee, John brown executed. South distrusts north. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lincoln, Douglas, Breckinridge, Bell, Lincoln Wins. South Carolina secedes, when inaugurated (March 4, 1861) Mississippi, florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, texas also secede. |
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Term
| Differences between Union and Confederacy entering the war. |
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Definition
North: Higher population, bank deposits, factories, food crops, horses, rr tracks, strong navy, fire arms, experienced gov't.
South: Cotton, donkeys and mules, 7 of 8 military colleges, capable of producing most of its food, fighting for cause, defending their own land. |
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Term
| Battle of Gettysburg, 1863 |
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Definition
| Turning point in Union's favor. Victory. bloodiest battle of war. |
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Term
| Emancipation Proclamation |
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Definition
| Freed all slaves that were in rebellious states if the states didn't surrender. |
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Term
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Definition
| Speech by Lincoln honoring the union dead at Gettysburg and telling to continue the cause so they had not died in vain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Union wanted to surround the south and cut off their resources. |
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Term
| Reasons for Union Victory |
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Definition
| Navy, Factories, Population |
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Term
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Definition
| Men looking for gold 1607, do not want to work. Saved by John Smith "No Work No Eat". House of Burgesses first representative gov't in new world. |
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Term
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Definition
| Settle in Plymouth after persecution. Bring women, look for permanent settlement. Strict life of work. |
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