Transatlantic Exchange of ideas, goods, people from Europe to North and South America

(cattle, Christianity, disease, pinapple, coconut, tobacco, tomatoes)

• Virginia Stock Company English business men
• Wanted to get rich
• First permanent English settlement/colony
• Tobacco farming
• Did not intend to stay
• Spread-out, sparse

Massachusetts Bay

• First colony in New England
• Founded for religion
• City on a hill (example for the world)
• Family-oriented
• Community
• United

• Passage to America for in exchange for 4-7 years service
• Bound laborers

• Bound for life
• No feedom/equality

• 1676
• Land became scarce and expensive
• Poor became poorer; rich became richer
• Poor whites rallied against rich

• Reawakened religious zeal in colonies
• Fiery, passionate, angry God
• Calvinist
• Unifying experience

• Boycott British goods
• American pride
• Women had political voice (made/wore homespun)
• Americans began making own goods

• Power from the people
• Goal is the common good
• Only the virtuous should participate (the rich)

• North adopted these in 1841
• After slaves hit certain age, they were freed

• Women protect morality of the nation
• Raise virtuous children
• Moral authority in women
• Women picketed, promoted temperance, printed newspapers

• Free white labor before Market Revolution
• Apprentice-->Journeyman-->Master
• No division of labor
• Centered in household

Market Revolution

• 1800s-present
• Commercial society
• Improvements in transportation
• Wider distribution of goods
• Cheaper goods
• Accelerated rate of economic activity
• Decline of moral economy
• Capitalism
• Created wage laborer jobs

• Work for someone and get paid
• First rung in ladder of success
• Not ideal job

• Republican Motherhood
• Public Sphere-work, government, $, Ambition, capitalism
• Private Sphere-the home, morality, virtue, community, love

• 1800s
• Free choice to believe in Jesus (not Calvinist)
• Evangelical
• Democratic
• In response to Market Revolution

• Made Jefferson's "Necessary Evil" of slavery into public good
• Justification for slavery
• White southerners as father figures
• Slaves as helpless and childlike
• Recipricol relationship
• Food/shelter in return for labor

• 20 or more slaves

• Less than 20 slaves

• African slave culture
• Good vs. Bad
• Weak overcome strong through wits
• Taught lessons
• Gave hope and expression
• Morally ambiguous

• Northern adopted this system
• Anyone free has potential to succeed through hard work, education, sobriety, preserverance
• Failure to succeed was individual's fault

• God-given right to expand West
• National Pride

• Harriet Beecher Stowe, a Northern white woman
• She did not want slavery to expand west
• Questioned society
• Viewed slaves as flesh and blood
• Written after Compromise of 1850

• California entered U.S. as free state
• Utah & New Mexico's stance decided by popular sovereignty
• Decided by people in the state
• Fugitive slave Act-if slave ran to North, northerners must return slave to owner