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| Believed that people were born with inalienable rights to life, liberty, & property. Also believed in the social contract where people allowed themselves to be ruled by government. A government can only have power if the people give their consent to be ruled. |
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| French philosopher who believed the British political system was successful because it divided its powers (Monarch&Parliament) |
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| French philosopher who believed in the social contract. His views influenced the Declaration of Independence. |
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| Praised British institutions and was religiously tolerant and rejected the idea of persecution. |
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| Date Declaration of Independence was signed. |
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| First government document aka "first constitution" |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| Constitutional Convention |
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| Washington was elected on May 1787. Rewrote the Constitution and created key compromises (The Great Compromise: New Jesey Plan & Virginia Plan) |
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| African American slaves counted as 3/5 of a person for the population. Used for representation and taxation. |
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| Concept that powers should be divided into federal and state governments. The federal government would be strong to protect the rights of its citizens. |
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| Wanted a strong national government without a Bill of rights. |
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| Weak federal government with a Bill of Rights. |
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| Source of authority is given to the people. |
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| national government & officials are limited in power |
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| government is divided into the three branches of government (legislative, executive, & judicial) |
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| Gives each branch the ability to check or control the other branches so that no one branch has too much power. |
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| Jobs of the Legislative Branch |
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(Senate&House of Representatives)
Makes Laws, Overrides Presidential Vetoes, Approves presidential appointments, Approves treaties, Declares War, Regulates Money and Trade, Impeaches Officials |
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| (President & Vice President) Enforces laws and treaties, vetoes laws, appoints high officials, conducts foreign affairs, commander in chief of the military, recommends bills to Congress, reports to the state of the Union to Congress |
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| Jobs of the Judicial Branch |
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| (Supreme Court & Federal Courts) Explains and interprets laws, settles legal disputes between states, settles State and federal disputes, settles disputes between states and foreign countries, hears cases with ambassadors of foreign governments, settles disputes between individuals and Federal Governments (bankruptcy) |
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| Article I, Section 8: Allows Congress to make any laws necessary to carry out the Constitution |
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| Article 5: Allows the Constitution to be formally amended. Congress and the states must agree on changes |
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| Federal courts review local, state, and federal laws and make sure it complies with the Constitution |
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| Powers only given to the federal government (declare war) |
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| Powers of the national government that are not explicit but allowed by the Elastic Clause (regulate child labor) |
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| Powers completely denied to the federal government (tax exports) |
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| Powers shared by the government and states (tax) |
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Article IV: States Rights
Powers not given to the government but not denied to the states (divorce laws) |
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The Legislative Branch & Powers
-Qualifications for election to Congress
-Rights and privileges of Congress members
-Basic operation of both houses
-Brief outline on how a bill becomes a federal law
Powers of Congress: Peace Powers&War Powers&Implied Powers |
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| Who acts as jury in trials of impeachment? |
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| Who ratifies treaties by 2/3 vote? |
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| How does a Bill become a Law? |
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Introduction (by either house)
Committee Action (review by house)
Floor Action (placed on legislative calender to be debated)
Conference Action (Review by both houses)
Presidential Decision (validate, veto, pocket veto)
If vetoed: Sent to Congress to override veto by 2/3 Vote. |
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| Amendment Process #1 (Most often) |
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(26/27 Amendments)
Proposed Amendments (passed by 2/3 majority vote in Congress)
Ratification (by state legislatures in 3/4 [38/50] of states within 7 years) |
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(21 Amendment)
Constitutional Convention
Approved by state conventions |
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Done by House of Representatives
-House of Reps passes "Articles of impeachment" or formal allegations by a majority vote
-Senate tries the accused under leadership of the Chief Justice, the VP, or President Pro Temp |
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| Government can take public property for public purposes (especially for economic development 2005) |
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Total Votes: 538 (100 + 435 + 3)
To be elected you need: 270
Electors were originally chosen because they were knowledgeable |
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| A legislative act that singles out an individual or group for punishment w/o a trial |
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| Makes illegal an act that was legal when committed (this law is prohibited by the Constitution) |
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| Release an individual from unlawful (cruel and unusual punishment) imprisonment |
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| President of the United States is... |
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| Barack Obama (D) [Illinois] |
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| Vice President of the United States is... |
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| President of the Senate is... |
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| President Pro Tempore is... |
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| Daniel K. Inouye (D)[Hawaii] |
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| Majority Whip (Assistant Majority Leader) is... |
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| Dick Durban (D)[Illinois] |
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| Mitch McConnell (R)[Kentucky] |
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| Minority Whip (Assistant Minority Leader) is... |
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| Dick Durbin & Roland Burris |
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| makes the Constitution the supreme law of the land |
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Executive Branch
Outlines how the president is elected |
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Judicial Branch
-Creates the Supreme Court and the power to Congress to create lower federal courts
-Defines its role to interpret the law |
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