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U.S 1490's-1780's
US Colonization, French and Indian War, and Causes of the Revolution
76
History
Undergraduate 2
10/11/2011

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Term

 

Spain in the New World

Definition
Had King Fredinand and Queen Isabella. Spain paid for Christopher Columbus' voyage. 1490's Spanish claim area mostly Southwest looking for gold and to spread religion. Spain had conquistadors. Cortez also defeated the Aztecs to get western part of South America. Owned Florida.
Term
Aztecs
Definition
were conquered by Cortez in 1520's. Built elaborate cities, government strong military. Worshipped Sun god. No concept of navigation. No use of wheel.
Term
Incas
Definition
located in Peru
Term
Conquistadors
Definition
1,000 were Spanish conquerors
Term
Christopher Columbus
Definition
Sailed in 1492. Had three ships. Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria. Spain paid for his voyage.
Term
Henry VIII
Definition
King of England; Brother was Arthur. Arthur married to Catherine of Aragon, Arthur dies Catherine becomes his wife. Catherine has daughter named Mary. Henry begins o date Anne Boelyn. Henry changes to protestant; creates Church of England so he can divorce Catherine. Anne Boelyn has Elizabeth. Marries Jane Seemoor. Jand has Edward dies himself at 15. Then Henry marries Anne Cleaves. Henry thinks she's ugly buys her house- forgets about her. Then marries Catherine Howard- beheads her. Henry dies in 1547. Reigned from 1509-1547.
Term
Queen Mary
Definition

Daughter of Catherine and King Henry VII. Becomes queen of England but is Catholic. Mary dies so Elizabeth becomes queen. 1553-1558.

 

Term
Queen Elizabeth
Definition
becomes Church of England. Is queen from 1558-1603. Sends Gilbert and Riley ni 1583 to go to Newfoundland on way back home ship sinks and dies.
Term
George III
Definition
King from 1760-1820. King during American Revolution.
Term
James I
Definition
Becomes king in 1603 after Queen Elizabeth dies. 1603-1625.
Term
Puritans
Definition
Leader was John Winthrop, came to new world to build new England, many for religious reasons, were religious descenters. 1620's early immigration. 1630's picked up some more.
Term
Humphrey Gilbert
Definition
Went to new world in 1583 with Walter Releigh. Goes to Newfoundland, on way back home ship sinks and he dies.
Term
Walter Raleigh
Definition
Went to new world in 1583 with Humphrey Gilbert. Also founded Roanoke Colony or Lost Colony in 1585.
Term
Roanoke
Definition
1585 founded by Raleigh. 1587- Men, women, children. Leader was John White. Returns three years later, people have disappeared, became known as Lost Colony.
Term
John Smith
Definition
Came for gold. Ran into confrontation with Pocahontas and Powhattan. 1607. Also established Jamestown. Was leader of Virginia Colony.
Term
Pocahontas
Definition

Saved John Smith. Was daughter of Powhattna. Later married John Rolfe. were going to come back but she died on ship around age 22. 1600-1610's

 

Term
Jamestown
Definition
Was first English colony. Founded in 1607. Started out 125 men down to 38 by 1608. Settled right in the middle of chief Powhattan's area. 1609 more people come over have about 500 now. 1609-had terrible winter. Starving time. 1610- Down to 60 people. try to get back to England and meet relief ship. They agree to go back to colony. Eventually becomes Virginia.
Term
Slash and Burn
Definition
Cut bark off trees, tree dies, burn leaves to clear land.
Term
Indentured Servants
Definition
Was like NBA draft. Work for a higher person who pays the way for you to be free in New World.
Term
Martin Luther
Definition
Posted 95 Theses on wall of the Catholic Church. Leader of Porotestant Reformation. 1510's
Term
Protestant Reformation
Definition
Led by Martin Luther. Objected to Catholic Church and their teachings of indulgences. 1510's is when Martin Luther nailed 95 theses on door of the church. Resulted in new denominations such as Lutherans and Anglicans.
Term
Mayflower Compact
Definition
1620's Where Pilgrims first landed. Was colony from 1620-1691. Pilgrims were aided by Squanto here. Eventually merged into Massachusetts Bay Colony. Where first Thanksgiving happened.
Term
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Definition
Founded in 1620's by owners of Massachusetts Bay Company. Formed by John Winthrop and the Puritains.
Term
Salem Witch Trials
Definition
Happened in 1690's. Over 150 people were arrested and imprisioned. All 25 who went to trial before court were convicted. Fourteen women hanged. 5 men hanged. 1 man was crushed to death.
Term
Act of Toleration
Definition
Founded in 1680's Allowed all Christians to worship. Happened in Maryland. Maryland was Catholic
Term
George Calvert
Definition
Wanted to start colony died, son took over established. Maryland. 1620's. Maryland was Catholic
Term
Maryland
Definition
Founded in 1632. Center of American Catholicism.
Term
William Penn
Definition
Founded Pennsylvania in 1680's. Was part of the Quakers.
Term
Quakers
Definition

Wanted for inner light of God to speak up. Also spoke out against slavery. Very welcome. Created Philidelphia the City of Brotherly love. Founed in the 1640's

 

Term
Georgia
Definition
Founded in 1730's. Was a colony for poor people. No slavery or alcohol. Was established by James Oglethorpe. Became buffer colony between Carolinas and Spanish Florida.
Term
James Oglethorpe
Definition
Founded Georgia in 1730's for poor people and for debtors.
Term
Bacon's Rebellion
Definition
Several white men killed after expansion. Makes own militia after Berkeley refuses, then goes out to attack Indians. Nathanial Bacon- declared a rebel-died from dysentery end up making march on Jamestown after Bacon dies 39 rebellers are executed. Happened in 1670's. Ultimately had 2 impacts. 1. Tension between landowners and people of the land. 2. An impact on slavery. Fear of free landless men.
Term
Roger Williams
Definition
Thrown out for different ideas, so he invents Rhode Island. Founded Rhode Island in 1630's for religious freedom.
Term
Anne Hutchinson
Definition
Outspoken religious leader, women leader so she is bad. Dies in Indian attack in New York.
Term
Pennsylvania
Definition
Founded by William Penn in 1680's Was founded as a place of refuge for Quakers but everyone was allowed to live there. Quakers were being persecuted at the time.
Term
New York
Definition

Was originally known as New Amersterdam. Was very diverse in English, German, French. Was founded by the Dutch.(from Holland) Taken over by England. Was named after Duke of York later. Founded in 1610's

 

Term
William Bradford
Definition
Leader of Plymouth colony. 1621-1657 at various times. Was leader over some protestants/ Puritans
Term
John Winthrop
Definition
leader of Puritans who were really upset with Church of England, wanted to purify it and make it better, upset because they think it is to much like Catholics. Was member of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Chosed as governor of that colony in 1629. Lived from 1588-1649.
Term
Squanto
Definition
Showed pilgrims how to grow corn and helped them survive first year. 1620's at Plymouth. Had first Thanksgiving in 1621.
Term
Triangular Trade- Exchange of items between Europeans, West Indies. Europeans earned peppers, berries, maize, squash, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, tobacco. America gained BEETS, cabbage, sugarcane, peach, and lemon.
Definition
Term
Hurons
Definition
Native American allies to the French in the French and Indian War.
Term
Iroquois
Definition
Native American allies to the British in French and Indian War.
Term
King William's War
Definition
1689-1697. English Vs French, no decisive French. William and Mary to take throne. Iroquois were claimed by both English and French and Iroquois owned Great Lakes fur trade. Was first of French and Indian Wars.
Term
Queen Anne's War
Definition
1702-1713 English Vs French. Englsih Vs. Spanish, England gains some new territories. Fought for control of North American continent. French and English were fighting in Ohio Valley.
Term
King George's War
Definition

1744-1748 after this war status quo antebellum happened where everything went back to normal.

 

 

Term
Jesuits
Definition
influences were blamed for making Indians make war on English. Bomaseen said Jesus was French as well as the Virgin Mary and that the English killed Jesus.
Term
Fort Duquesne
Definition
Fort established by French ni 1750's. George Washington went there asking French to leave but they laughed it off. Braddock also tried to take it over with Washington as one of his aides but that too was unseccessful.
Term
Fort Necessity
Definition
Fort built by Washington. Battle over it took place in 1750's where English surrendered to the French.
Term
JameS Wolfe
Definition
Led a group of 9,000 men who were killed in battle. Took Quebec in 1759. Defeted them while they were und General Montcalm. Battle happened on Plains of Abraham.
Term
Edward Braddock
Definition

1754-1756 went to take over French at Duqusne bud died in process about 7 miles away. Bought George Washington along as an aid.

 

Term
William Pitt
Definition
New Prime minister 1756-1758 Begins running war himself. Reforming army and navy. He forced the colonists to enlist. He also allowed military to take supplies and resources to colonists without paying. Lead to New York City riot in 1757. In that same year the French caputred British fort William Henry.
Term
General Montcalm
Definition
Was also killed in battle. Leader at Quebec of over 16,000 men, 1758-1763.
Term
Fort Quebec
Definition
Lead by General Montcalm. Had 16,000 Frenchmen there. Was taken over by James Wolfe and 9,000 men.
Term
Treaty of Paris (1763)
Definition
Great Britain gained Canada, All French East of Mississippi and Florida channel. Spanish gain LA territory. French got nothing. British became most powerful nation in the New World.
Term
Salutary Neglect
Definition
British wanted to charge taxes on colonies to help pay for the war, in exchange for leaving everything alone as far as their supplies go. Before, when there were no taxes or debt was called salutary neglect.
Term
Pontiac
Definition
Ottawa Chief began raiding frontier because British had taken away their goods. Militia put down his revolt at Bushy Run.
Term
Bushy Run
Definition
Location where British put down Pontiacs raid.
Term
Proclomation line of 1763
Definition
Imaginary line down Appalachin divide seperating colonists from Indians. British sen 10,000 troops to colonies just in case of more Indian revolts.
Term
Sons of Liberty
Definition
Lead by Samuel Adams made a lot of trouble by tar and feathering tax collectors. Also lead Boston Tea Party in 1773 where they disguised themselves as Indians and attacked British tea ship to throw it overboard
Term
Sam Adams
Definition
Was the leader of the Sons of Liberty
Term
Stamp Act Congress
Definition
37 delegates from 9 colonies send 14 resolutions criticizing British colonies. Some colonies make resolution that only colonies can tax its people.
Term
Gaspee Affair
Definition
1773 A British ship called Gaspee crashed into Rhode Island where colonists beat up their crew and set the ship on fire.
Term
Thomas Jefferson
Definition
 Was from Virginia, was excellent writer and influenced colonists to revolt against British.
Term
Townsend Acts
Definition
1767 Broad tax on several goods such as tea, glass, paper, and lead
Term
Patrick Henry
Definition
Also from Virginia, said "Give me liberty, or give me death."
Term
Boston Massacre
Definition
1770- 15,000 in Boston about 4,000 British soldiers. British soldier kills adult for throwing snowballs. About 5 adults are killed- colonists hype it up.
Term
Boston Tea Party
Definition
1773- 3 British ships bringing in tea. Sons of Liberty disguise themselves as Indians and attack ship to throw tea overboard. 90,000 pounds of tea thrown overboard. $100,000 in damages. 342 chests
Term
Intolerable Acts
Definition
Give colonial governor in Boston more power (General Gage)- Made it so where colonists could not assemble. Also closed Boston port until tea was paid for.
Term
Tea Act
Definition
After Townsend acts were repealed, the only thing that became taxed then was tea. This made tea a monopoly in that colonists could only buy tea from British.
Term
Sugar Act
Definition
1764- Revised old molasses tax. Lowered it but now colonists actually had to pay for it. Taxation without representation.
Term
Stamp Act
Definition
1765 All documents have to have offical government stamp to be legal. Means stamping licenses, deeds, wills, contracts, newspapers, playing cards, dice, governement documents. Clerks, lawyers, landowners, businessmen, bankers, printers, editors, and gamblers all used these things. Really irritated educated, upper-middle class, wealthy leaders. Paying Stamp tax lead to a rise of colonial leaders. 
Term
Quartering Act
Definition
Said whenever British soldiers are in town it is Colonies' job to feed and house them.
Term
1st Continental Congress
Definition
1744- 12 of 13 colonies all except Georgia. Created civic virtue which is want to work for the good of the people. Unite to fight British, said there should be more petitions and boycotts agreed to meet next year.
Term
First five presidents
Definition
George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe
Term

Discuss the outcome and results of the French and Indian War and how the war helped bring on the American Revolution. Explore time period from 1763 through 1767.

 

Definition

 The French and Indian war started because both The French and The British wanted to expand in the New World. However, The French already had possession of Louisianna Territory, the Mississippi, and Canada. In order for the English to expand the French had to leave or be beaten. This brought on three colonial wars. The King Williams War (1689-1697), Queen Anne's War (1702-1713), and King George's War(1744-1748). After these three wars nothing had been accomplished. The French and Indian War was the fourth war(1754-1763). Many battles were fought during this war which had major part to do with Gen. George Washington. Battles were fought over locations such as Fort Duquesne, Fort Necessity, and finally Fort Quebec. When the war was voer The British had won.

The Treaty of Paris of 1763 then went into effect which claimed many new territorries for various nations. The British gained Canada, All french claim east of Mississippi and Florida Channel. The Spanish gained the Louisianna Territory. The French gained nothing. The British became the most powerful nation in the world as a result

However, the British still had two conflicts. One was their uncertain relationship with the Indians. The Indians were still upset with The British because they had taken away their goods. Cheif Pontiac forms a raid and militia puts down the revolt at Bushy Run. Thus the Procolmation Line of 1763 was established to seperate the colonists from the Indians. This upset colonists because it prevented them from expanding west. Also The British sent 10,000 troops to the colonies in case of more Indian Revolts. This resulted in the Quartering Act which made colonists feed and house British troops while they were in the New World. Colonists did not want to take care of these soldiers and they were often maid fun of. In Boston children would often throw snowballs at the soldiers. In 1770 the Boston Massacre happened after an adult threw a snowball at a soldier and the soldier shot him dead. 5 adults ended up dying. Colonists really hyped it up.

Another Conflict due to the war was The British were heavy in debt. They thought since the colonies were British they could tax them on various goods and take care of much of the debt problem this way. This resulted in multiple acts such as The Sugar Act of 1764, The Stamp Act of 1765(which forced all documents to be stamped to be legal. Upset many such as Lawyers, landowners and businessmen.) and The Townsend Act of 1767(which taxed multiple goods such as tea, glass, and lead). These acts were all eventually repealed because due to multiple reasons. Many of the colonists boycotted these items which actually resulted in more money lost for The British. Also, groups such as The Stamp Act Congress formed to try to put a stop to theses acts. After the Townsend Acts were repealed the Tea Act came in to play where only colonies could buy tea(which was still being taxed) from The British. This resulted in revolts such as The Boston Tea Party in 1773. The British then punished the Colonists with The Intolerable Acts putting Boston leader in more power and closing off Boston port until tea was paid for. The colonists simply wanted to be left alone without further taxing. They wanted the old policy back of salutary neglect.

In conclusion, The colonists ultimately wanted back the old policy of salutary neglect and were fighting in hopes of regaining this policy. However, The British were heavy in debt and saw these acts as the ultimate way to pay off the debt. This was why there was so much conflict between The British and the colonies and the majority of the reason for the upcoming Revolutionary War.

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