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U Mich Learning Module Questions
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32
Anatomy
Graduate
10/21/2010

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Term
What are the three cervical ganglia? Are there white/gray rami?
Definition
superior, middle, inferior. No white/gray rami.
Term
Where are they pulmonary plexi? Where do they get innervation from?
Definition
They are on both sides of the hilums. They get innervation from being continuous with cardiac and esophageal plexuses.
Term
What levels do the lungs receive sympathetic innervation from? What does this do?
Definition
T1-4. Vasoconstrict and bronchodilate. Thoracic visceral nerves.
Term
What is the parasympathetic innervation of the lung? Where does it come from and what does it do?
Definition
Vagus. It comes from cardiac plexus and also from direct branches off (right and left) vagi posterior to root of lung. It vasodilates and bronchoconstricts.
Term
Where does esophagus receive sympathetic innervation? What is the result?
Definition
From thoracic sympathetic chain ganglia. This causes vasoconstriction.
Term
Which trunk of which vagus goes on which side of the esophagus? Where does the vagus exit the diaphragm?
Definition
Left vagus, anterior trunk; right vagus, posterior trunk. Vagus travels with esophagus at T10.
Term
What does parasympathetic innervation of the esophagus do?
Definition
It causes peristalsis.
Term
What are root values of greater, lesser, and least thoracic splanchnics?
Definition
T5-9 greater. T10-11 lesser. T12, least.
Term
What type of viscera do thoracic splanchnics generally innervate?
Definition
ABDOMINAL
Term
What is the longest part of the small bowel?
Definition
Ileum
Term
What is one way of distinguishing what is peritoneal vs retroperitoneal?
Definition
does it have a mesentery?
Term
How do the thoracic splanchnics pass into the abdominal cavity?
Definition
They go through the crura of the diaphragm.
Term
Do parasympathetic fibers ever synapse in the celiac, superiormesenteric, aorticorenal, or inferiormesenteric ganglia?
Definition
no, they synapse direct on target organ
Term
What nerve synapses most of its fibers to the celiac ganglia?
Definition
The greater thoracic splanchnic (T5-9)
Term
Where does the lesser thoracic splanchnic synapse? How about the least?
Definition
The lesser synapses aorticorenal. The least usually goes to a diffuse bunch of stuff in the renal area.
Term
Where would you find the aorticorenal ganglia?
Definition
Where the renals come off the aorta
Term
Where does the vagal fibers end in terms of the aorta?
Definition
Around the aorticorenal ganglia. This is why it does not give fibers to anything distal l. colic flexure.
Term
How many lumbar splanchnics are there? What type of innervation are they, where do they synapse?
Definition
There are L1, L2, l3, L4. They are sympathetic. They go into intermesenteric and inferiormesenteric, and superior hypogastric plexuses
Term
What is the main plexus of the pelvis? what fibers does it have?
Definition
inferior hypogastric. para + sympath. like a big post office for the pelvis
Term
Where do the sympathetics in the pelvis usually come from?
Definition
They usually descend from the lumbar region into the inferior hypogastric plexus
Term
Where does the IMLCC run from?
Definition
T1 to L2 ONLY
Term
What nerves convey sympathetic innervation from the superior hypogastric plexus deeper into the pelvis into the inferior hypogastric plexus?
Definition
The hypogastric nerves
Term
What are the sacral splanchnic nerves?
Definition
These are postsynaptic SYMPATHETIC nerves that come off the sympathetic chain and contribute in a small way to the inferior hypogastric plexus
Term
Are most sympathetic fibers pre or post synaptic in the pelvis?
Definition
Most are post-synaptic.
Term
What innervates internal anal sphincter?
Definition
inferior hypogastric plexus. This is autonomic. Autonomic keeps it shut.
Term
What innervates external anal sphincter?
Definition
Inferior rectal branch of internal pudendal. This is somatic.
Term
The internal sphincter of the bladder is innervated by what and what do these signals do?
Definition
So it is autonomic. The pelvic splanchnics relax it and contract the bladder so you pee. The sympathetics from the superior hypogastric plexus tighten the internal sphincter of the bladder.
Term
What muscle is involved with contracting the bladder walls?
Definition
Detrusor
Term
Does the pudendal nerve carry parasympathetic fibers?
Definition
no
Term
Where does sympathetic innervation to the female genital organs come from?
Definition
Well, lower thoracic spinal nerves to sympathetic chain to lumbar splanchnics superior hypogastric plexus to uterovaginal plexus.
Term
Where does parasympathetic innervation of the female genital organs come from?
Definition
Pelvic splanchnics s2-4, with fibers passing through inferior hypogastric plexus into uterovaginal plexus
Term
What is prostatic autonomic stimulation?
Definition
The prostatic plexus gets innervation from pelvic splanchnics and from the superior hypogastric plexus (sympathetic). The parasympathetic controls erection because they travel on to the corpora cavernosa. The sympathetic is involved in orgasm and also goes on to vasoconstrict the penis to subside erection.
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