Term
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Definition
O:
Transverse processes of C3-C6 Vertebrae
I:
1st rib
Inn:
Cervical Spinal nerves C4,C5, C6
Action:
Flex head and elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C5,C6,C7 vertebrae
I:
Superior surface of 1st rib; posterior to groove for subclavian artery
Inn:
Anterior Rami of cervical spinal nerves
Action:
Flexes neck laterally; elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration. |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C5,C6,C7 vertebrae
I:
External border of 2nd rib
Inn:
Anterior Rami of cervical spinal nerves C7 and C8
Action:
Flexes neck laterally; elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration. |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line
I:
Sternal Head: Anterior surface of manubrium of sternum
Inn:
Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI) and C2, C3
Action:
Unilateral contraction: tilts head to same side and rotates it so face is turned superiorly toward opposite side. Bilateral Contraction: 1. Extends neck at atlanto-occipital joints, 2. flexes cervical vertebrae so that chin approaches manubrium or 3. Extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae so chin is thrust forward while head kept level. With cervical vertebrae fixed, may elevate manubrium and medial ends of clavicles, assisting pump-handle action of deep respiration |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Medial third of superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance; nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae.
I:
Lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula
Inn:
Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI), C3, C4
Action:
Descending part elevates; ascending part depresses; and middle part (or all partts together) retracts scapula; descending and ascending parts act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly. Superior fibers elevate pectoral girdle and maintain level shoulders against gravity/resistance. |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
I:
Medial border of scapula superior to root of scapular spine
Inn:
Dorsal Scapular nerve, C3, C4
Action:
Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs.
I:
floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Inn:
Thoracodorsal nerve
Action:
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; raises body toward arms when climbing. |
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Term
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Definition
| O: Base of cranium, just anterior to occipital condyle I: Anterior surface of lateral mass of atlas Inn: C1 and C2 spinal nerves Action: Flex head |
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Term
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Definition
| O: Jugular process of occipital bone I: Transverse process of atlas Inn: C1 Action: Flexes Head and helps stabilize it |
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Term
| Serratus Posterior Superior |
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Definition
O:
Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 to T3 vertebrae
I:
Superior borders of 2nd to 4th ribs
Inn:
2nd through 5th intercostal nerves
Action:
Proprioception (elevate ribs) |
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Term
| Serratus Posterior Inferior |
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Definition
O:
Spinous processes of T11 through L2 vertebrae
I:Inferior borders of 8th to 12th ribs near their angles
Inn:
Anterior rami to T9 to T12 thoracic spinal nerves
Action:
Proprioception (depress ribs) |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Temporal Fossa and Deep temporal fascia
I:
tip and medial surface of coronoid process and ramus of mandible
Inn:
Mandibular Division of Trigeminal Nerve
Action:
Elevates Mandible, posterior fibers retrude mandible after protrusion. |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Superior Head: infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid bone. Inferior Head: lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate.
I:
Neck of mandible. Superior head also attaches to anterior part of articular disc and TMJ capsule.
Inn:
Mandibular Division of Trigeminal Nerve
Action:
Acting bilaterally, protrude mandible. Acting alone and alternatively, produce side to side movements of mandible |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Deep head: Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate. Superficial Head: tuberosity of maxilla.
I:
Medial surface of ramus of mandible
Inn:
Mandibular Division of Trigeminal Nerve
Action:
Acting bilaterally, elevate mandible and help protrude it. Acting alternately, produces grinding motion. |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Inferior border of medial surface of zygomatic arch
I:
lateral surface of ramus of mandible and coronoid process
Inn:
Mandibular Division of Trigeminal Nerve
Action:
Elevates and protrudes mandible; deep fibers retrude it. |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Part of Scalp
Inn:
Temporal Branch of Facial Nerve
Action:
Elevates the eyebrows, wrinkles forehead |
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Term
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Definition
O:Encircles the eye
Inn:
Temporal/Zygomatic Branches of Facial Nerve
Action:
Eye closure, winks, squints and encourages flow of tears |
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Term
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Definition
Inn: Temporal Branch of Facial Nerve
Action: Knits eyebrows together |
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Term
| Levator palpebrae Superioris |
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Definition
Inn: Oculomotor Nerve
Action: elevates upper eyelid (continuously active) |
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Term
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Definition
O: Runs transversely across nose
Action:
Compresses and flares the nostrils, draws nostrils down |
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Term
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Definition
O: Medial to Corrugator
Inn: Zygomatic Branch of Facial Nerve
Action:
draws the medial part of eyebrows inferiorly |
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Term
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Definition
O: Encircles the mouth
Inn: Buccal Branch of Facial Nerve
Action:
Lip protrusion, compression, mastication and pucker |
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Term
| Levator Labii Superioris Aleque Nasi |
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Definition
O: Side of nose
I: Orbicularis Oris
Action:
Elevates alar cartilage of nose and upper lip |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Inferior to orbital, lateral to Levator Labii Superioris Aleque Nasi
I: Orbicularis Oris
Inn:Zygomatic Branch of Facial Nerve
Action:
Raises and everts upper lip |
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Term
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Definition
O: Deep to Zygomaticus Minor and Levator Labii Superioris
I: Orbicularis Oris |
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Term
| Zygomaticus Major and Minor |
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Definition
Inn: Zygomatic Branch of Facial Nerve
Action:
Pulls mouth corners upward and outward |
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Term
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Definition
Inn:
Mandibular Branch of Facial Nerve
Action:
Pulls mouth corners upward and outward (backward) |
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Term
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Definition
Inn:
Mandibular Branch of Facial Nerve
Action: Depresses corner of mouth |
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Term
| Depressor Labii inferioris |
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Definition
Inn: Mandibular Branch of Facial Nerve
Action: Draws lips inferiorly and laterally |
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Term
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Definition
Inn:
Mandibular Branch of Facial Nerve
Action:
Raise and protrude lower lip; pout. |
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Term
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Definition
Inn:
Buccal Branch of Facial Nerve
A:
Aids mastication and swallowing. Presses cheeks against molar during chewing. Whistling and sucking. |
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Term
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Definition
Inn:
Cervical branch of Facial Nerve
A:
Tenses skin of neck, draws corners of mouth inferiorly, assists in depressing mandible |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Spinous process to spinous process
I:
Spinous process to spinous process
Inn:
DPR
A:
Role in extension |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Transverse process to transverse process
I:
Transverse process to transverse process
I:
DPR
A:
Role in lateral flexion |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Brevis: from transverse process below to lamina one level above. Longus: from transverse process below to lamina two levels above.
I:
Brevis: from transverse process below to lamina one level above. Longus: from transverse process below to lamina two levels above.
Inn:
DPR
A:
Role in rotation |
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Term
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Definition
O:
In thoracic region only. From C7-T11 transverse processes to subjacent ribs, between tubercle and angle.
I:
In thoracic region only. From C7-T11 transverse processes to subjacent ribs, between tubercle and angle.
Inn:
DPR
A:
Elevates ribs for inspiration |
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Term
| Rectus Capitis Posterior Major |
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Definition
O:
C2 Spinous process
I:
Occiput
Inn:
C1 DPR Suboccipital nerve
A:
As a group, Suboccipitals controls movements of skull in nodding and rotation. |
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Term
| Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor |
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Definition
O:
C1 Posterior tubercle
I:
Occiput
Inn:
C1 DPR Suboccipital nerve
A:
As a group, Suboccipitals controls movements of skull in nodding and rotation. |
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Term
| Obliquus capitis inferior |
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Definition
O:
C2 Spinous process
I:
Transverse process of C1
Inn:
C1 DPR Suboccipital nerve
A:
As a group, Suboccipitals controls movements of skull in nodding and rotation. |
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Term
| Obliquus capitis superior |
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Definition
O:
C1 Transverse process
I:
Occiput
Inn:
C1 DPR Suboccipital nerve
A:
As a group, Suboccipitals controls movements of skull in nodding and rotation. |
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Term
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Definition
O:
superior nuchal line and mastoid process
I:
Cervical and upper thoracic spinous processes
A:
Extends head and neck, ipsilateral rotation of head and neck |
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Term
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Definition
O:
cervical transverse processes
I:
Cervical and upper thoracic spinous processes
A:
Extends head and neck, ipsilateral rotation of head and neck |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Medially group connecting spinous processes
A:
Spinal Extension |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Posterior tubercles of C2 to C6 transverse processes
I:
Upper 4 or 5 thoracic transverse processes
A:
Extension and lateral flexion of spine |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Mastoid process
I:
Lower 3 or 4 cervical articular processes
A:
Extension and lateral flexion of spine/Head |
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Term
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Definition
O:
C4-C6 transverse processes
I:
angles of ribs 3-6
A:
Role in extension and lateral flexion of spine |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Cervical spinous processes up to C2
I:
Upper thoracic transverse processes
A:
Extension and contralateral rotation of spine |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Occiput below superior nuchal line
I:
Upper thoracic and cervical transverse processes
A:
Extension and contralateral rotation of head |
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Term
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Definition
Inn:
Mylohyoid branch from V3 to anterior belly, VII to posterior belly
A:
Fixate/elevate hyoid |
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Term
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Definition
Inn:
Cranial Nerve VII
A:
Fixate/elevate hyoid |
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Term
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Definition
Inn:
Mylohyoid branch from V3
A:
Fixate/elevate hyoid |
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Term
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Definition
Inn:
C1
A:
Fixate/elevate hyoid |
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Term
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Definition
Inn:
Ansa Cervicalis
A:
Fixate/ depress hyoid and thyroid cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
Inn:
Ansa Cervicalis
A:
Fixate/ depress hyoid and thyroid cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
Inn:
C1
A:
Fixate/ depress hyoid and thyroid cartilage |
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Term
| Omohyoid (Superior and Inferior Bellies) |
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Definition
Inn:
Ansa Cervicalis
A:
Fixate/ depress hyoid and thyroid cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
O:
transverse processes upper vertebrae
I:
transverse processes of upper vertebrae
Inn:
Anterior rami of C2-C6 spinal nerves
A:
Flexes neck with rotation ( torsion) to opposite side if acting unilaterally |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Basilar part of occipital bone
I:
transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Inn:
Anterior rami of C1-C3
A:
flex head |
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Term
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Definition
O:
From lower anteromedial lumbar TPs, T12-L5 vertebral bodies and discs
I:
To lesser trochanter of femur with iliacus
Inn:
L1, L2, L3
A:
Helps to stabilize and support L-spine
Acts with back extensors to form guy wire support to stabilize lumbar spine in sagittal plane?
Role in sagittal plane movement is questionable |
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Term
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Definition
Caud:
Iliolumbar ligament and adjacent portion of iliac crest
Rost:
Medial half of last rib and tips of L1-L4 TPs
Inn:
T12, L 1,2,3,4
A:
Fixes last rib and acts to steady diaphragm during inspiration
Acting from above, hikes hip
With pelvis fixed, ipsilateral SB
Acting bilaterally, minor role in trunk ext.
Acting bilaterally, forms guy wire support to stabilize L-spine in frontal plane
Active in side bridging |
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Term
| Iliocostalis lumborum pars thoracis |
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Definition
Ros:
Angles of ribs 5-12
Caud:
Dorsal PSIS & iliac crest
Inn:
lateral branches of lumbar DPR
A:
role in extension
role in creating shear forces
Important in counteracting damaging anterior shear forces incurred with lifting
More efficient in this role with lumbar spine in extension |
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Term
| Iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum |
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Definition
Rost:
L1-L4 TPs
Caud:
L1-L4 TPs
Inn:
Inn:
lateral branches of lumbar DPR
A:
role in extension
role in creating shear forces
Important in counteracting damaging anterior shear forces incurred with lifting
More efficient in this role with lumbar spine in extension |
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Term
| Longissimus thoracis pars thoracis |
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Definition
Rost:
2 series of fascicles arise from T1-T12 TPs and ribs 4-12
Caud:
All lumbar SPs, sacrum and ilium
Inn:
intermediate branches of lumbar DPR
A:
role in extension
role in creating shear forces
Important in counteracting damaging anterior shear forces incurred with lifting
More efficient in this role with lumbar spine in extension |
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Term
| Longissimus thoracis pars lumborum |
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Definition
Rost:
5 fascicles arise from L1-L5 accessory processes
Caud:
Ventral surface PSIS
L1-L4 caudal tendons form Lumbar Intermuscular Aponeurosis
Inn:
intermediate branches of lumbar DPR
A:
role in extension
role in creating shear forces
Important in counteracting damaging anterior shear forces incurred with lifting
More efficient in this role with lumbar spine in extension |
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Term
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Definition
O:
(1) sternal part
From back of xiphoid
(2) costal part
From inner surfaces of costal carts. and adj. parts of lower ribs
(3) lumbar part
Med. & Lat. Arcuate ligs. and Crura
I:
central tendon
Inn:
C3, C4, C5
A:
Lower ribs are fixed during inspiration (by QL), from which diaphragm acts to draw the central tendon down and forward (pulling pericardium with it)
This pushes down abdominal viscera with protrusion of abdominal wall
Downward mvmt checked by tension in pericardium and resistance from abdominal organs
From this point of stability, diaphragm can then act to elevate ribs |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Pubic crest and symphysis
I:
Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid
Inn:
Thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T6-T12 spinal nerves
A:
Flexes vert. column
With thorax fixed, can posteriorly rotate pelvis |
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Term
| External Abdominal Oblique |
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Definition
O:
Lower 8 ribs, interdigi-tating w/serratus ant. and latissimus dorsi
I:
From lower 2 ribs to ant. half of outer lip of iliac crest
Remaining fibers end in apon. of ext. oblique
Inn:
Thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7-T11 spinal nerves) and subcostal nerve
A:
Support and compress abdominal viscera
Assist in forced expiration
Acting bilaterally, flex vertebral column
Lateral fibers
Acting bilaterally, posteriorly rotate pelvis
Acting unilaterally, laterally flex vertebral column
Anterior fibers
Acting unilaterally, flex and contralaterally rotate vertebral column |
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Term
| Internal Abdominal Oblique |
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Definition
O:
Lat. 2/3 inguinal lig, ant. 2/3 iliac crest (intermed. lip), & lateral raphe of TLF
I:
Post. fibers to lower 3(4) ribs, lower fibers from inguinal lig. to pubic crest & remaining fibers end in aponeurosis of internal oblique
Inn:
Thoraco-abdominal nerves (T6-T12 spinal nerves) and first lumbar nerves
A:
Support and compress abdominal viscera
Assist in forced expiration
Acting bilaterally, upper fibers flex vertebral column
Acting unilaterally, upper fibers laterally flex and rotate vertebral column to same side |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Lat. 2/3 inguinal lig, ant. 2/3 iliac crest (inner lip)
middle layer of TLF
internal aspects of lower 6 costal carts, interdigitating w/diaphragm
I:
Almost all fibers end in aponeurosis, lower fibers of which attach to pubic crest and remaining fibers end in linea alba
Upper fibers may extend across midline to be contin. w/fibers of contralat. transversus
Inn:
Thoraco-abdominal nerves (T6-T12 spinal nerves) and first lumbar nerves
A:
Support and compress abdominal viscera
Assist in forced expiration, acting to decrease infrasternal angle
Thought that transversus acts in a feedforward manner to help stabilize the lumbar spine via 2 mechanisms:
Through its attachment to TLF
By increasing intra-abdominal pressure |
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Term
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Definition
O:
Angles of upper 6 ribs, C7 transverse process
I:
angles of lower 6 ribs
A:
role in extension and lateral flexion of spine |
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Term
| External Intercostal Muscles |
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Definition
Run between contiguous ribs
Fibers run inferolat’ly behind & inferomed’ly in front
A:
Elevate ribs for inspiration |
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Term
| Internal Intercostal Muscles |
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Definition
Deep to external intercostals
Run between ribs
Fibers orient at right angles to external intercostals
A:
debatable |
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Term
| Innermost Intercostal Muscles |
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Definition
Deep to internal intercostals
run between ribs
A:
probably act with internal intercostals |
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Term
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Definition
On internal surface of anterior thoracis wall
From lower sternum, xiphoid and lower true rib costal cartilages
A:
depresses costal cartilages |
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