Term
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Definition
| : Painful, abnormal, difficult, labored Example: Dyspepsia – Difficult or painful digestion, often referred to as indigestion, characterized by symptoms like bloating, nausea, or heartburn. |
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Term
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Definition
| : Within, in Example: Endogastric – A term referring to something occurring within the stomach, such as an endogastric procedure that involves accessing the interior of the stomach for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. |
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| Half Example: Hemigastrectomy – Surgical removal of half of the stomach, typically performed to treat severe ulcers or stomach cancer. |
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Definition
| Excessive or above normal Example: Hypergastrinemia – A condition involving excessive levels of gastrin (a digestive hormone) in the blood, which can lead to overproduction of stomach acid and conditions like Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. |
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| Below normal or deficient Example: Hypoglycemia – A condition characterized by abnormally low blood sugar levels, often causing symptoms like dizziness, weakness, and confusion, and requiring prompt treatment with glucose. |
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| Bad or poor Example: Malabsorption – Poor absorption of nutrients in the digestive tract, which can result from conditions like celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or chronic pancreatitis, leading to malnutrition. |
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Term
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| : Beside, near, or abnormal Example: Paracolitis – Inflammation occurring near or adjacent to the colon, often associated with diverticulitis or infections. |
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Definition
| Around or surrounding Example: Perigastric – Pertaining to the area around the stomach, often used to describe inflammation, abscesses, or surgical observations in this region. |
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Term
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Definition
| : Under, below Example: Sublingual – Situated under the tongue, often referring to medications that dissolve beneath the tongue for quick absorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| : Across or through Example: Transgastric – Referring to procedures or conditions that occur through the stomach, such as a transgastric endoscopic procedure used for accessing abdominal organs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to Example: Celiac – Pertaining to the abdomen, often used in conditions like celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten damages the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to Example: Colorectal – Pertaining to the colon and rectum, often used in the context of colorectal cancer or surgeries. |
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Definition
| Hernia, protrusion Example: Gastrocele – A hernia of the stomach, often resulting from a weakness in the diaphragm or abdominal wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid Example: Paracentesis – A procedure involving the surgical puncture of the abdomen to remove excess fluid, commonly performed in cases of ascites. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to Example: Esophageal – Pertaining to the esophagus, such as in esophageal reflux, where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. |
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Definition
| Excision Example: Appendectomy – Surgical removal of the appendix, often performed in cases of appendicitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| : The record, radiographic image Example: Cholangiogram – A radiographic image of the bile ducts obtained using contrast material, often performed during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to assess blockages or other abnormalities in the bile ducts. |
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Term
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Definition
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- Process of recording Example: Electrogastrography – The process of recording the electrical activity of the stomach to assess its motility and function, often used to diagnose conditions like gastroparesis or dyspepsia..
- -ia: Condition of, diseased state, abnormal state Example: Dyspepsia – A condition of impaired digestion, often characterized by bloating, discomfort, and nausea.
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Term
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Definition
| Condition of, diseased state, abnormal state Example: Dyspepsia – A condition of impaired digestion, often characterized by bloating, discomfort, and nausea. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition Example: Cholelithiasis – A condition involving the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder, which can cause pain and blockages. |
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Term
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Definition
| : Pertaining to Example: Hepatic – Pertaining to the liver, as in hepatic function tests, which evaluate liver health. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation Example: Gastritis – Inflammation of the stomach lining, often caused by infections, medications, or alcohol use. |
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Term
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Definition
| Specialist who studies and treats Example: Gastroenterologist – A specialist who diagnoses and treats disorders of the digestive system, including the stomach, intestines, and liver. |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of Example: Hepatology – The study of the liver, including diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Softening Example: Esophagomalacia – Softening of the esophageal walls, often caused by chronic acid reflux (GERD), prolonged inflammation, or structural weakness, which may lead to difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) or esophageal collapse. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enlargement Example: Hepatomegaly – Enlargement of the liver, which can occur in conditions like fatty liver disease or hepatitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tumor Example: Gastrinoma – A tumor that secretes gastrin, often associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, leading to excessive stomach acid production. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal condition Example: Diverticulosis – A condition where small pouches form in the colon wall, which can become inflamed (diverticulitis). |
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| Disease Example: Gastropathy – A disease of the stomach, often referring to damage caused by chronic use of NSAIDs or alcohol. |
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Definition
| Eating or swallowing Example: Dysphagia – Difficulty swallowing, which can result from conditions affecting the esophagus or nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical repair Example: Pyloroplasty – Surgical repair or widening of the pyloric sphincter to improve the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical repair Example: Pyloroplasty – Surgical repair or widening of the pyloric sphincter to improve the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Prolapse, drooping Example: Gastroptosis – Prolapse or downward displacement of the stomach, often caused by weakened abdominal muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Suturing, repairing Example: Herniorrhaphy – Surgical repair of a hernia, often performed to reinforce the abdominal wall. |
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Definition
| Flow, discharge Example: Diarrhea – Frequent, watery bowel movements, often caused by infections, medications, or food intolerances. |
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Definition
| Instrument used for visualization Example: Colonoscope – An instrument used to visualize the interior of the colon during a colonoscopy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of viewing, visualization Example: Endoscopy – The process of visualizing the digestive tract using a flexible tube with a camera. |
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Term
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Definition
| : Creation of an artificial opening Example: Colostomy – A surgical procedure to create an opening from the colon to the abdominal surface for waste elimination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Incision, cut into Example: Laparotomy – A surgical incision into the abdominal cavity, often performed to diagnose or treat abdominal conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abdomen, abdominal Example: Abdominoplasty – Surgical repair or reconstruction of the abdomen, often referred to as a "tummy tuck." |
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Term
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Definition
| Anus Example: Anoplasty – Surgical repair of the anus, often performed to treat congenital defects or damage caused by trauma. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antrum Example: Antrectomy – Surgical removal of the antrum, a part of the stomach, often done to treat ulcers or cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Appendix Example: Appendectomy – Surgical removal of the appendix, typically performed in cases of appendicitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Appendix Example: Appendicitis – Inflammation of the appendix, often causing abdominal pain and requiring surgical intervention. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cecum Example: Cecopexy – Surgical fixation of the cecum, often performed to correct volvulus (twisting of the bowel). |
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Term
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Definition
| Abdomen, abdominal cavity Example: Celiotomy – Surgical incision into the abdominal cavity, often performed to explore or treat abdominal conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lip Example: Cheilitis – Inflammation of the lips, often caused by irritation, infection, or nutritional deficiencies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gall, bile Example: Cholecystitis – Inflammation of the gallbladder, commonly caused by gallstones blocking the bile ducts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Common bile duct Example: Choledocholithiasis – The presence of stones in the common bile duct, often requiring removal to restore bile flow. |
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Term
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Definition
| Colon Example: Colitis – Inflammation of the colon, which can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramping. |
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Term
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Definition
| Intestine Example: Enteritis – Inflammation of the intestines, often caused by infection or irritants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Esophagus Example: Esophagitis – Inflammation of the esophagus, often resulting from acid reflux or infections. |
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Term
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Definition
| : Stomach Example: Gastrectomy – Surgical removal of part or all of the stomach, typically to treat ulcers, cancer, or severe obesity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gum Example: Gingivitis – Inflammation of the gums, often caused by poor oral hygiene or bacterial infection. |
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