Term
| toxin found in gopher bait, most common cause of malicious poisoning in dogs (after anticoagulant rodenticide) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| competitively & reversibly inhibits gylcine |
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Term
| active ingredient in snail bait |
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Definition
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Term
| treatment for snail bait poisoning |
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Definition
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Term
| active ingredient in Avitrol |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| caffeine & chocolate are examples of |
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Definition
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Term
| toxic ingredients in chocolate |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| LD of theobromine for dogs |
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Definition
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Term
| t 1/2 of theobromine in dogs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
competitive antagonism of cellular adenosine Rc
inhibition of Ca sequestration |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulate catecholamine release |
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Term
| 2 key ingredients in methamphetamines |
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Definition
| hydroiodic acid & pseudophedrine |
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Term
| toxin associated with Bonker's |
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Definition
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Term
| chemical reaction associated with Bonkers |
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Definition
ammoniation of feed
Maillard rxn/Browning rxn: condesation of amino groups with a reducing sugar
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Term
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Definition
1. Na passively diffuses into CSF but requires active transport to get out
2. Rehydration with access to fresh water results in dilution of excess sodium & plasma sodium returns to normal
3. Na gets trapped in CNS & attracts water due to osmotic gradient
4. Cerebral edema & neurologic signs |
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Term
| pathonogmonic sign of salt toxicosis in swine |
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Definition
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Term
| sample to send to test for salt toxicosis on alive animal? dead animal? |
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Definition
alive: CSF or serum
dead: brain |
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Term
| toxic agent in cocaine toxicosis |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 broad categories of tremorgenic mycotoxins |
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Definition
1. penitrem A
2. Staggers syndromes |
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Term
| toxic agent found in moldy refridgerator food |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| facilitates transmission of impulses across the motor end plate; inhibits glycine |
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Term
| tx for penitrem A toxicosis |
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Definition
1. emesis
2. activated charcoal
3. control seizures with pentobarbital |
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Term
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Definition
| rye grass, paspalum (Dallis grass), Bermuda grass, corn, Crab grass |
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Term
| associated with Dallis grass staggers |
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Definition
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Term
| fungus associated with Crab grass staggers |
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Definition
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Term
| common source of rye grass staggers |
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Definition
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Term
| clinical sign associated with paspalum staggers |
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Definition
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Term
| clinical sign associated with crab grass staggers |
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Definition
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Term
| clinical sign associated with bermuda grass staggers |
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Definition
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Term
| sources for zinc and aluminum phosphide |
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Definition
zinc: rodenticide
aluminum: grain fumigant |
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Term
| diagnostic of zinc & aluminum phosphide |
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Definition
| garlic & rotten fish smell (due to phosphide gas) |
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Term
| MOA of zinc & aluminum phosphide |
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Definition
| HCl in stomach increases the breakdown to phosphide gas-->enteric & pulmonary irritation |
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Term
| tx for zinc & aluminum phosphide |
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Definition
| emesis & magnesium hydroxide (Maalox) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| gallitoxin & cardenolides |
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Term
| enzymes inhibited by lead |
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Definition
1. aminolevulinic acid synthetase
2. aminolevulinic acid dehydrogenase
3. Coprogenase
4. heme synthetase
5. union of heme to globulin |
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Term
| clinical sign of lead toxicity in horses |
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Definition
| laryngeal & pharyngeal paresis |
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Term
| clinical signs of lead toxicity in dogs |
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Definition
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Term
| clinical signs of lead toxicosis in water fowl |
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Definition
| tenting of wings, stained vent from diarrhea |
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Term
| samples to submit for lead toxicosis in alive animals? dead animals? |
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Definition
alive: whole blood in EDTA tubes
dead: liver & kidneys |
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Term
| antidote for lead toxicosis |
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Definition
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Term
| treatment for lead toxicosis |
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Definition
1. thiamine
2. chelation therapy
3. seziure control
4. dexamethasone (controls cerebral edema) |
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Term
| sample to send for mercury toxicosis |
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Definition
alive: whole blood
dead: kidney, brain |
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Term
| agent associated with food related ammonia poisoning |
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Definition
| urea (used as a non-protein nitrogen source) |
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Term
| why are ruminants more susceptible to ammonia poisoning? |
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Definition
| can hydrolyze urea into 2 ammonia molecules |
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Term
| MOA of urea toxicosis in ruminants |
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Definition
1. rumen flora get overwhelmed with ammonia it dissolves in the rumen fluid to form ammonium ions (increases the rumen pH)
2. with increasing pH ammonia increases
3. ammonia inhibits the Kreb's cycle-->compensatory increase in anaerobic glycolysis with resultant lactic-acidemia
=rumen alkalosis with blood acidosis |
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Term
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Definition
1. smell of ammonia
2. rumen pH >8 |
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Term
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Definition
| 5-10 gallons of cold water + 1 gallon vinegar |
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Term
| mycotoxins involved in Mold Corn Dz |
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Definition
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Term
| alternative name for fumonisin toxicosis |
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Definition
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Term
| fungus that produces fumonisin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. neurotoxic syndrome
2. heptatoxic syndrome |
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Term
| lesion associated with neurotoxic fumonisin |
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Definition
| liquefactive necrosis in the subcortical white matter |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| max amt of fumonisin allowed in horse feed |
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Definition
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Term
| genus of Yellow Star Thistle |
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Definition
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Term
| disease caused by ingestion of Yellow Star Thistle |
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Definition
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Term
| toxic principle in Yellow Star Thistle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. nontoxic
2. miserotoxin & 3-nitro-1-propanol
3. selenium indicator
4. true locoism (swainsonine)
5. high mountain disease |
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Term
| lesion of Yellow Star Thistle |
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Definition
| nigropallidoencephalomalacia |
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Term
| miserotoxin and 3-nitro-1-propanol cause |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 syndromes associated with chronic selenium toxicosis due to locoweed |
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Definition
1. alkali disease (lose mane & tail hair)
2. blind staggers |
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Term
| toxic effect of swainsonine |
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Definition
| abomasal ulcers, abortion, birth defects (hypermotility of stifles & hocks, bent legs), hydrops |
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Term
| lesion due to swainsonine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| interferes with cellular energy metabolism (disrupts cytochrome oxidase enzyme complexes) |
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Term
| treatment for sulfur toxicosis |
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Definition
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Term
| sample to send for sulfur toxicosis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| toxic principle of Bracken Fern (2) |
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Definition
thiaminase (in horses)
ptaquiloside (aquilide A) carcinogen |
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Term
| disease caused by Bracken Fern in cattle |
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Definition
radiomimetic disease (anemia, hematuria)
bladder & upper GI carcinoma |
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Term
| disease caused by Bracken Fern in horses |
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Definition
bracken staggers
neurologic signs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| toxic principle of Horsetail |
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Definition
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Term
| lesion in high mountain disease |
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Definition
| right ventricular enlargement |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| toxic agent of White Snakeroot |
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Definition
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Term
| toxin causing "milksickness" |
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Definition
tremetol (White Snakeroot)
pasteurization does not detoxify milk, not a problem in modern dairies due to dilution |
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Term
| signs in horses of White Snakeroot toxicosis |
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Definition
| congestive heart failure (myocardial degeneration) |
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Term
| signs of White Snakeroot toxicosis in cattle |
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Definition
| severe CNS depression, tremors that get worse with exercise |
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Term
| lesions in cattle from white snakeroot toxicosis |
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Definition
| fatty liver, photosensitivity possible |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) |
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Term
| marijuana toxicosis in dogs |
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Definition
ataxia, vomiting (initially), mydriasis ("glazed eyes")
prolonged depression for 18-36 hours |
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Term
| diagnosis of marijuana toxicosis |
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Definition
| clinical signs, history of exposure, can test urine using human screening cards |
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Term
| tx of marijuana toxicosis |
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Definition
| emetic agents not as effective (marijuana has antiemetic properties), activated charcoal & saline cathartic, diazepam for seizures |
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Term
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Definition
| Streptomyces avermitilis (soil fungus from Japan) |
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Term
| LD of ivermectin for Collies |
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Definition
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Term
| caused by reaction to dead, dying parasites from ivermectin use |
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Definition
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Term
| MOA of ivermectin toxicosis |
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Definition
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Term
| why are collies more sensitive to ivermectin? |
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Definition
| mutation of P-glycoprotein gene prevents them from pumping out ivermectin from their brain, accumulates in there |
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Term
| clinical signs of ivermectin toxicosis in dogs |
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Definition
acute anaphylaxis due to reaction to dying worms, depression, ataxia, blindness, coma (can be very prolonged (up to 6 weeks)
NO seizures |
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Term
| treatment for ivermectin toxicosis |
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Definition
| activated charcoal (early), supportive care (can be in coma for weeks) |
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Term
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Definition
| Mitaban dips, tick-repellant collars |
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Term
| can you use amitraz on cats? |
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Definition
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Term
| clinical signs of amitraz toxicosis |
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Definition
| vomiting, sedation, depression, disorientation, ataxia=CNS depression |
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Term
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Definition
| thoroughly wash with liquid dish soap if dermal exposure, remove collar (via emesis or endoscopy) if ingested |
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