Term
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Definition
| Excessive CNS stimulation, blockage of adenosine receptors, inhibits phosphodiesterase activity |
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Term
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Definition
| Post-synaptic neuronal inhibition, glycine antagonist. |
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Term
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Definition
| Decrease GABA, norepi, epi |
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Term
| Fluoroacetate/Fluoroacetamide |
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Definition
| Loss of cellular respiration due to inhibition of TCA cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| Depresses CNS, consumption of NAD and other nutrients, Chemical pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
Converted in stomach to phosphine gas which causes acute toxic effects. The acidity of the
stomach enhances the conversion of phosphide to phosphine gas. Distinct rotten fish odor.
Blocks cytochrome oxidase in mitochondria resulting in cell death |
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Term
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Definition
DDT slows inactivation of Na channels and inhibits K channels. Cell inside is more
positive, lower threshold for another action potential. More of an effect on sensory than
motor nerves |
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Term
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Definition
Mimics Ach in symp and parasymp nm junction and some synapses in CNS.
Initital depolarization of membrane (stimulation) then blockage of neural transmission |
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Term
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Definition
| Unknown mechanism, profuse sweating and exfoliation in horses |
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Term
| 4-Aminopyridine (Avitrol) |
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Definition
Neurotoxin that acts presynaptically, enhancing neurotransmitter release, specifically Ach.
Enhances neurotransmission across the synapse at the nm junction by enhancing Ca
transport. |
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Term
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Definition
| In CNS: bind GABA receptor, enhance inhibition. Potentiates release of GABA |
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Term
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Definition
Uncouple oxidative phosphorylation: CNS. Decreased cellular ATP, failure of
Na/K/ATPase, Na retention, cell swelling. |
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Term
| Pyrethrum: spot-on flea products. Pyrethoids are synthetic. |
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Definition
reversibly binds and opens Na channels. Cats have decreased
capacity for gluconuride conjugation, tolerate low doses only |
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Term
| Organophosphates (AchE Inhibitors) |
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Definition
| Bind AchE and aging. Prolonged action of Ach |
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Term
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Definition
Competes with Ca in bone, substitutes for Ca in bone, alters nerve and muscle transmission,
displaces Ca from Ca binding proteins (calmodulin). Alters presyn. Neurotransmission,
alters GI smooth m. contractility. Binding thiol-containing enzymes: interferes with heme synthesis, enzyme inactivation.
Nucleated RBCs +/- anemia, RBC basophilic stippling. |
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Term
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Definition
◦ CNS: inhibits neuronal protein synthesis. Alters BBB. Suppresses synaptic transmission
◦ Alters Na/K/ATPase pumps. Membrane leakage and endothelial swelling
◦ Inhibits sulfhydryl-containing enzymes. |
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Term
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Definition
◦ Trivalent As: 4-10x toxicity. Bind sulfhydryl groups, inhibits cellular metabolism, oxidative
phosphorylation
◦ Pentavalent: uncouples oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondria), demyelination (phenyl
As). |
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Term
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Definition
Se competes/substitutes for sulfur: disulfides bridges in proteins. Reacts with tissue thiols:
producing ROS. Demyelination. |
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Term
Anticoagulants
Warfarin, brofadicoum, difenacoum, difethalone |
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Definition
Inhibit the synthesis of functional clotting factors by inhibiting the enzyme vitamin K
epoxide reductase. |
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Term
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Definition
Cyanide complexes with cytochrome oxidase and blocks mitochondrial electron transport.
Heart and CNS. Death usually due to brain anoxia. |
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Term
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Definition
| A-adrenergic agonist and a weak inhibitor of the monoamine oxidase enzyme. |
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Term
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Definition
Vasodilation of pulmonary arteries and central venous compartment. Produces
methemoglobin leading to severe oxygen deficiency. |
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Term
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Definition
Hematopoetic effect of zinc is believed to be related to antagonistic effect of zinc on copper
and iron utilization and function. |
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Term
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Definition
Mothballs take several days to dissolve in GI, hepatic oxidation leads to formation of
oxidants, like naphthoquinone, that at high concentrations cause methemoglobinemia and
hemolytic anemia. |
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