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Totora Chapter 7
The Skeletal System
17
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/03/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
how many bones in the body total?
Definition
206
Term
axial skeleton
Definition
bones around center axis of body
Term

appendicular skeleton

 

Definition
upper and lower limbs plus girdles of body which include shoulders and pelvis
Term

bones of the axial skeleton

(know 6 sections)

Definition

80 total

  1. skull
  2. hyoid
  3. auditory ossicles
  4. vertebral column
  5. sternum
  6. ribs
Term

bones of the appindicular skelton

(know 16 sections)

Definition

126 total

  1. clavical
  2. scapula
  3. humerous
  4. ulna
  5. radius
  6. carpals
  7. metacarpals
  8. phalanges
  9. pelvis
  10. femur
  11. patella
  12. fibula
  13. tibia
  14. tarsals
  15. metatarsals
  16. phalanges
Term
long bone
Definition

   greater in length than width. Consist of a shaft that is typically curved to absorb stress. Consist of epiphysis and diaphysis. Ex: femer, humerus, tibia.

Term
short bones
Definition

cubed shaped equal in length and width. Mostly spongy bones with the outer surface being compact bone. Examples are tarsals and carpal bones

Term
flat bones
Definition
thin bones that consist of layers of compact bone that enclose spongy bones. Ex cranial bones, sternum, ribs and scapula.
Term
irregular bones
Definition

   complex shapes that vary in the amount of compact and spongy bones. Ex vertebra, hip bones, facial bones, calcaneous bone.

Term
sesamoid bones
Definition

  sesame seed shaped, develop in tendons where there is a considerable amount of fiction and stress. They can vary from person to person. Example is the patella and the pisaform bone(in wrist) function is to protect tendons from wear and tear.

 

Term
shapes of bones (5)
Definition
  1. long
  2. short
  3. flat
  4. irregular
  5. sesamoid
Term
surface markings
Definition
features on bones that have adapted for a specific function. Most develop after birth from forces on bones like bones and muscles contracting. Tension from muscle tendons and ligaments result in bone beind deposited resulting in rough areas in the bone. When bone is compressed it causes a depression.
Term
depressions and openings (5)
Definition

 forms joints or allow blood vessels and nerves to pass.


  1.    Fissures
  2.     Foreamens
  3.       Fossas
  4.      Meatus
  5.       Sulcases

 

Term
Processes (9)
Definition

 

projections from which joints forms also attachment sights for ligaments and tendons

 

 

    1.         Fissets
    2.       Heads
    3.      Crest
    4.  Condyles
    5.  Epicondyle
    6.  Trochanter
    7.  Tuberosity
    8. tubercles

  •  lines

 

 

 

Term
Herniated disc
Definition

nucleus polposis (center part of intervetebral disk) projects outward. Caused by compression force from the weight of the body on the disc. Lumbar is most common area because of flextion. Symptoms include pain in localized area or pain so severe it can travel down your entire leg

Term
scoliosis
Definition

lateral bending of the spine. Can happen in anyportion of spine but typical in thorasic. Causes: congentital, sciatica, poralisis, poor posture.

Term
spina bifida
Definition

congenital defect where lamena of L5 or S1 fails to develop and unite. Spinal cord protrudes out into a cyst. The spinal cord is not protected by vertebrae. Can cause paralysis partial or complete, loss of urinary or bowl control. Casues low levels of Vitamin B(folic acid) during pregnancy.

           

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