enters at the center of the diaphysis, passes through a hole called the nutrient foramen to the medullary cavity, when it enters the medullary cavity it divides, a portion goes to proximal end and a portion goes to distal end and it supplies blood to inner compact bone and spongy bone in the diaphysis.

enters the epiphysis and supplies red bone marrow and spongy bone in the epiphysis.

veins-blue

arteries- red

• run with the arteries
• allow you to feel sensations
• periostium has a large amount of nerves associated with it therefore breaking a bone is painful

intramembranous - simpler method

endochondral - replacment of cartilage model

1. development of the ossification center
2. caslcifcation
3. formation of trabeculae
4. development of periosteum

1. development of the cartilage model
2. groth of the cartilage model
3. development of primary ossifcation center
4. development of medullary cavity
5. development of secondary ossification center
6. formation of articular cartilage of epiphyseal plate

occurs at the epiphyseal plate, located in the metaphisis and is made of 4 layers of hyaline cartilage. New bone forms on the diaphysis side and new cartilage forms on the epiphysis side to replace it so that there is always 4 layers of hyaline cartilage in the epiphseal plate.

cells in the periosteum will differentiate. Osteoblast in the periosteum form bony matrix and mature to osteocytes. The osteoblast and cytes form new bone around blood vessels of the periostium. New lamella are formed by osteoblast creating a new osteon. As new bone is formed on the outside of the bone osteoclast destroy bone lining the medullary cavity, as a result the medullary cavity size increases, as bone width increases.

replacement of old bone with new bone 5% of you total bone is being remolded at any given time.

removal of minerals and collagen fibers from bone by osteoclast so that the body can use it again.

Addition of minerals and collagen fibers by osteoblast.

1.     Vitamin C is needed for collagen formation and the differentiation from blast to clast. If you are low in vitamin c you don’t get osteoclast therefore your body does not breakdown injured bone

  insulin like growth factor (IGFs) produced by liver and bone tissue, They stimulate osteoblast to promote cell division at the epiphseal plate and periostium. IGFs are produce to the secretion of human growth hormone (HGH) from the pituitary.

1. open
2. closed
3. comminuted
4. greenstick
5. impacted
6. potts
7. colles
8. stress

1. support
2. protection
3. assistance in movement
4. mineral homeostasis
5. blood cell production
6. triglyceride storage

layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis where joints form.

Function: reduce friction and absorb shock

sheath of dense irregular ct surrounding the bone surface

Function: fraction repair and attachment for ligaments and tendons

• 25% water
• 25% collagen
• 50% crystallized salts

1. osteogenic
2. osteoblast
3. osteocyte
4. osteoclast

• hard and strong
• few spaces
• strongest type of bone
• found beneath the periostium and makes up the majority of the diaphysis
• function: protection and support

• has no osteons
• lamella are arranged in irregular patterns called trabeculae
• still have all 4 bone cells
• makes up the bone tissue of

1. short bone
2. flat bone
3. irregular shaped bone
4. epeiphysis of long bone

1. spongy bone is light weight which reduces overal body weight
2. spongy bone has rabeculae compact bone has osteons

1. skull
2. mandible

1. formation of the fracture hematoma
2. fibrocartialgionous callus formation
3. bony callus formation
4. bone remodeling