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Tools of the Trade
Basic Vocabulary for understanding History
29
History
9th Grade
08/20/2009

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Cards

Term
Chronology
Definition
a sequence of events in time
Term
Demagogue
Definition
A person who plays on people's fears/emotions and in doing so tries to direct them in a particular direction
Term
Xenophobia
Definition
Fear of foreigners
Term
Debacle
Definition
A disaster
Term
Polemic
Definition
Political essay; ex: Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, Thomas Paine's "Common Sense"
Term
Viable
Definition
Practical, feasible; having the ability to grow, expand, or develop (when looking at a new government, you should ask yourself, is it viable?)
Term
Populist
Definition
"I believe in the people, not the government" mentality
Term
Theocracy
Definition
Religious government
Term
Pluralism
Definition
Very mixed, varied society
Term
Epistemology
Definition
Study of knowledge; study the process by which we know what we know
Term
Dialectic
Definition
One of the ways you learn. The process of learning through questioning (you don't take anything at face value and question everything).
Term
Deductive reasoning
Definition
You start with a thesis and then set out to prove it; flawed b/c you ignore evidence that doesn't support your thesis
Term
Inductive reasoning
Definition
Start w/one fact ad build up to the thesis
Term
Folkways
Definition
Traditions
Term
More
Definition
Deeply held value
Term
Civil rights
Definition
Deals with the equality of people (races, ethnicity, gender)
Term
Civil liberties
Definition
Inherent, individual rights you are born with - your birthrights (ex. you are born into freedom)
Term
De jure ("by law") segregation
Definition
Segregation by law - it was done away with with Brown v. the Board of Education
Term
De facto segregation
Definition
Segregation that occurs naturally b/c of sociology and economics (ex. predominantly black neighborhoods)
Term
Affirmative action
Definition
Social engineering. An attempt by the government to do away with the effects of segregation/racism; a commonly known form of affirmative action is preferential treatment for minorities by colleges
Term
Cabal
Definition
A secret meeting (this word usually has a negative connotation)
Term
Gerrymandering
Definition
Dividing up states into counties to maximize the number of Democrats/Republicans there
Term
Gaffe
Definition
When you commit a gaffe, you say something stupid - in the case of politicians, it occurs when they go off of their talking points and decide to ad-lib
Term
Dichotomous
Definition
Two-fold
Term
The "Big Tent"
Definition
Democrats are much less uniform constituents than Republicans, and a Democratic presidential candidate must "put the big tent together" and get a lot of different constituencies to vote for him if he wants to win the presidential election
Term
Constituency
Definition
1. The people from whom an individual or organization hopes to attract support
2. The people or geographical area that a particular elected official represents
Term
Exit polling
Definition
Polling the people who voted early in the presidential elections and using mathematical formulas to predict who will win the election
Term
Precinct
Definition
Smaller level than a county; counties are composed of precincts
Term
Germane
Definition
Relevant, pertinent
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