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Tissues
Skin and tissues
107
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/18/2010

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Term
contain no blood vessels
Definition
ETs - avascularity
Term
is nourised by nutrients which diffuse upward form uderlying connective tissue through the basement membrane.
Definition
ET - avascularity
Term
is latin for cover
Definition
integumentary
Term
consist of skin and its derivatives (hair,nails,glands)
Definition
Integumentary system
Term
the largest organ of hte body and is vital for maintaining homeostasis
Definition
skin
Term
is two or more types of tissues grouped together and perform specialized funtions.
Definition
organ
Term
varies in thickness form 0.07mm (eyelids) to 1.4mm (palms and soles)
Definition
skin
Term
prevents microorganisms, etc. form entering the body
Definition
skin - protection
Term
prevents the loss of body fluids
Definition
skin - protection
Term
sheets of epithlial tissue act like shingles on a roof
Definition
how skin protects
Term
nearly waterproof layer of keratin in out skin
Definition
how skin protects
Term
porous enought to allow swet to exit
Definition
skin - regulation of body temp
Term
swear travels through ducts that end at surface
Definition
skin - regulation of body temp
Term
dermis rich in blood vessels (dialate when hot, constrict when cold)
Definition
skin- regulation of body temp
Term
urea,uric acid carried out by sweat
Definition
skin - excretion
Term
excretes fats, lactic acid, salts, water
Definition
skin - excretion
Term
uv rays being screened out or let in where chemical in the skin is converted to vitamin D
Definition
skin - chemical synthesis
Term
lack of ___ impairs absorption of calcium from intestines into bloodstream
Definition
Vitamin D
Term
children deprived of sunshine or another source of vitamin D develop
Definition
rickets (bone deformation)
Term
skin contain sensory receptiors that respond to heat, cold, tough, pressure,pain
Definition
skin- sensory
Term
five functions of skin
Definition
protection,regulation of body temp,excretion,chemical synthesis,sensation
Term
three layers of skin
Definition
dermis,epidermis,subcutaneous layer
Term
outermost layer of skin
Definition
epidermis
Term
thick layer of connective tissue
Definition
dermis
Term
layer of loose fibrous connective tissue beneath dermis (not a part of skin)
Definition
subcutaneous layer
Term
stratified squamous epithelium
Definition
epidermis
Term
lacks blood vessels
Definition
epidermis
Term
most of the body other than the palms and soles have four layers
Definition
epidermis
Term
outermost layer of the epidermis
Definition
stratum corneum
Term
flat layer of dead cells arranged in parrallel row
Definition
stratum corneum
Term
helps keep skin elastic and constantly being shed
Definition
stratum corneum
Term
between stratum corneum and statum granulosum, found only on soles and palms (thick)
Definition
statum lucidum
Term
appears clear under microscope (nuclei,organelles, and cellmembrane not visible)
Definition
stratum lucidum
Term
thin layer of flatterned granular (grain-like) cells taht contain shrunken fibers or keratin and shrunken fibers or keratin and shriveled nuclei
Definition
statum granulosum
Term
composed of several layers of many sided cells with spine protruding from surface
Definition
stratum spinosum
Term
spines interlock, making this a binding layer
Definition
stratum spinosum
Term
cell division and growth, but not as much as the lower lever
Definition
stratum spinosum
Term
intermost layer of epidermis
Definition
stratum basale
Term
rest on basement membrane next to dermis
Definition
stratum basale
Term
single layer of columnar cells, cell devision occurs here BIG TIME
Definition
stratum basale
Term
pigment melanin found here
Definition
stratum basale
Term
screens out uv, protects nuclei of deep cells
Definition
stratum basale
Term
main function of the epidermis is
Definition
protection
Term
prevents moisture loss and injury by penetration
Definition
epidermis
Term
pigment in epidermis
Definition
melanin
Term
determines skin color, produced by melanocytes in stratum basale
Definition
melanin
Term
most of the skin, 2 distinct layers
Definition
dermis
Term
20% of dermis ,below epidermis,loose connective tissues lie beneath epithelium,fingerlike projections that join to ridges of epidermis,forms finger print,contain loops of capillaries that nourish epidermis,tactile coupuscles are found here
Definition
papillary layer
Term
80% of dermis, irregular dense connective tissue with course fibers that criss-cross to make a stonger network, this tissue makes leather form animals, gives its skin strength and resiliency,lamellated coupuscles-sensory receptors for deep pressure are found here
Definition
reticular layer
Term
main function is to nourich epidermis
Definition
dermis
Term
beneath dermis (hypodermis)
Definition
subcutaneus layer
Term
composed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue. rich in blood vessels,lymph cessels, and nervous tissue
Definition
subcutaneous layer
Term
hair follicles,nails,glands of skin,ceruminous glands, mammary glands
Definition
accessory organs
Term
is a tube like depression of epidermal cells, extends into the dermis
Definition
hair follicle
Term
developes from the hair follicle
Definition
hair
Term
composed of soft keratin
Definition
hair follicle
Term
hair in the follicle is know as the ___
Definition
hair shaft
Term
lower portion of hair root enlarges and is known as the __
Definition
bulb
Term
___ gives hair is color
Definition
melanin
Term
black, red, or yellow, ____ is added to hair cells before they die.
Definition
melinin
Term
gray hair has reduced or absent ___
Definition
pigment
Term
bundle of smoothe muschle known as ___ attaches to eath follicle
Definition
the arrecter pili muscle
Term
when muscle contracts, we get ___
Definition
goose bumps
Term
modified epidermis, protects ends of fingers
Definition
nails
Term
made of cells from stratum corneum with hard keratin
Definition
nails
Term
rests on a nail bed
Definition
nail plate
Term
new dividing cells come from the region called the __
Definition
lunula
Term
the whitest, half-moon shaped region at the base of the nail
Definition
lanula
Term
sebaceous glads,connected to hair follicles, holocrine glands, secret sebum
Definition
glands of skin
Term
semifluid, mostly lipids. acts as a barrier, protective agents, and emillient to keep hair and skin soft and pliable
Definition
sebum (oil)
Term
sweat glands or sudoriferous glands
Definition
skin glands
Term
two types ( merovine glands and aprocrine glands)
Definition
skin glands
Term
small glands distributed over most of the body forehead, neck, back
Definition
merocrine glands
Term
odorless swear secreations..secrestion =water plus salts and wastes
Definition
merocrine glands
Term
not associated with hair follicles, cool body by evaporation
Definition
merocrine glands
Term
larger than merocrine glands
Definition
aporcrine glands
Term
less numerous sweat glands with secretions that develop odors
Definition
aprocrine glands
Term
begin to function at puberty and continue through life, associated with hair follicles (armpits, groin, around nipples)
Definition
apocrine glands
Term
secretion = sweat plus oil and cellular debris
Definition
apocrine gland
Term
respond to pain,fear,emotional stress and sexual arousal. secretions include pheromones
Definition
aporcrine glands
Term
communication chemicals for same species, oppostie sex
Definition
pheromones
Term
modified sweat glands that secrete cerumen (earwax) located in the external ear canal
Definition
ceruminous glands
Term
modified sweat glands that secrete milk
Definition
mammary glands
Term
vital because heat affects the rate of metabolic reactions.
Definition
regulation of body temp
Term
normal body temp of deeper parts is close to a set point
Definition
37c 98.6 f
Term
is a by-product of cellular respiration
Definition
heat
Term
when the body temp. _____ more blood enters dermal blood vessels, and the skin reddens
Definition
rises above normal
Term
heat is lost outside by
Definition
radiation, cunduction, convection, evaoration
Term
most heat is lost as this
Definition
radiation
Term
infrared heat escaped from warmer surgace (the blood) to cooler surroundings ( the environment)
Definition
radiation
Term
when heat moves form the body directly to molecules of a cooler object (by physical contact)
Definition
conduction
Term
the reason the seat you sit in is warm when you get up
Definition
conduction
Term
heat is lost through the circulation of heated air particles
Definition
convection
Term
increases as air movement increases; that is why you get cooler when a fan is on
Definition
convection
Term
sweat is released across the surface of the skin, it changes from a liquid to a gas and carries heat away from the skin
Definition
evaporation
Term
if heat increases our sweating increases, so we lose more heat by _______ the sweat on our skin
Definition
evaporating
Term
when body temp drops bellow normal, the _______ signals for sweating to decrease, dermal blood vessels constrict usually this brings our body back to normal
Definition
hypothalmus
Term
when body temp continues to drop, skeletel muscles __________ ______
Definition
involuntary contract
Term
hypothermia is lowered by _____
Definition
temperature
Term
all humans have about the same concentration of _____
Definition
melanocytes
Term
skin color is largely due to the amount of _______ in the skin
Definition
melanin
Term
each person inherits genes for _______ ______
Definition
melanin production
Term
_____ _____ is due to genes that cause large amounts of melanin to be produced; ____ _____ is due to genes that cause less melanin to form
Definition
darker skin, lighter skin
Term
______ genes may cause a lack of melanin in hte skin
Definition
mutant
Term
_____ is a lack of melanin
Definition
albinism
Term
environments factors (uv rays, chemicals, drugs)
Definition
affect melanin by affecting gene expression
Term
environmental factors _____ existing melanin and _______ additional melanin production
Definition
darken, stimulate
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