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| is nourised by nutrients which diffuse upward form uderlying connective tissue through the basement membrane. |
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| consist of skin and its derivatives (hair,nails,glands) |
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| the largest organ of hte body and is vital for maintaining homeostasis |
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| is two or more types of tissues grouped together and perform specialized funtions. |
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| varies in thickness form 0.07mm (eyelids) to 1.4mm (palms and soles) |
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| prevents microorganisms, etc. form entering the body |
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| prevents the loss of body fluids |
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| sheets of epithlial tissue act like shingles on a roof |
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| nearly waterproof layer of keratin in out skin |
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| porous enought to allow swet to exit |
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Definition
| skin - regulation of body temp |
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| swear travels through ducts that end at surface |
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Definition
| skin - regulation of body temp |
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| dermis rich in blood vessels (dialate when hot, constrict when cold) |
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Definition
| skin- regulation of body temp |
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| urea,uric acid carried out by sweat |
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| excretes fats, lactic acid, salts, water |
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| uv rays being screened out or let in where chemical in the skin is converted to vitamin D |
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Definition
| skin - chemical synthesis |
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| lack of ___ impairs absorption of calcium from intestines into bloodstream |
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| children deprived of sunshine or another source of vitamin D develop |
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Definition
| rickets (bone deformation) |
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| skin contain sensory receptiors that respond to heat, cold, tough, pressure,pain |
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Definition
| protection,regulation of body temp,excretion,chemical synthesis,sensation |
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| dermis,epidermis,subcutaneous layer |
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| thick layer of connective tissue |
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| layer of loose fibrous connective tissue beneath dermis (not a part of skin) |
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| stratified squamous epithelium |
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| most of the body other than the palms and soles have four layers |
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| outermost layer of the epidermis |
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| flat layer of dead cells arranged in parrallel row |
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| helps keep skin elastic and constantly being shed |
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| between stratum corneum and statum granulosum, found only on soles and palms (thick) |
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| appears clear under microscope (nuclei,organelles, and cellmembrane not visible) |
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| thin layer of flatterned granular (grain-like) cells taht contain shrunken fibers or keratin and shrunken fibers or keratin and shriveled nuclei |
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| composed of several layers of many sided cells with spine protruding from surface |
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| spines interlock, making this a binding layer |
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| cell division and growth, but not as much as the lower lever |
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| intermost layer of epidermis |
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| rest on basement membrane next to dermis |
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| single layer of columnar cells, cell devision occurs here BIG TIME |
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| pigment melanin found here |
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| screens out uv, protects nuclei of deep cells |
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| main function of the epidermis is |
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| prevents moisture loss and injury by penetration |
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| determines skin color, produced by melanocytes in stratum basale |
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| most of the skin, 2 distinct layers |
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| 20% of dermis ,below epidermis,loose connective tissues lie beneath epithelium,fingerlike projections that join to ridges of epidermis,forms finger print,contain loops of capillaries that nourish epidermis,tactile coupuscles are found here |
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| 80% of dermis, irregular dense connective tissue with course fibers that criss-cross to make a stonger network, this tissue makes leather form animals, gives its skin strength and resiliency,lamellated coupuscles-sensory receptors for deep pressure are found here |
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| main function is to nourich epidermis |
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| beneath dermis (hypodermis) |
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| composed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue. rich in blood vessels,lymph cessels, and nervous tissue |
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| hair follicles,nails,glands of skin,ceruminous glands, mammary glands |
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| is a tube like depression of epidermal cells, extends into the dermis |
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| developes from the hair follicle |
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| hair in the follicle is know as the ___ |
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| lower portion of hair root enlarges and is known as the __ |
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Definition
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| black, red, or yellow, ____ is added to hair cells before they die. |
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| gray hair has reduced or absent ___ |
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| bundle of smoothe muschle known as ___ attaches to eath follicle |
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| when muscle contracts, we get ___ |
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| modified epidermis, protects ends of fingers |
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| made of cells from stratum corneum with hard keratin |
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| new dividing cells come from the region called the __ |
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| the whitest, half-moon shaped region at the base of the nail |
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| sebaceous glads,connected to hair follicles, holocrine glands, secret sebum |
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| semifluid, mostly lipids. acts as a barrier, protective agents, and emillient to keep hair and skin soft and pliable |
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| sweat glands or sudoriferous glands |
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| two types ( merovine glands and aprocrine glands) |
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| small glands distributed over most of the body forehead, neck, back |
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| odorless swear secreations..secrestion =water plus salts and wastes |
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| not associated with hair follicles, cool body by evaporation |
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| larger than merocrine glands |
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| less numerous sweat glands with secretions that develop odors |
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| begin to function at puberty and continue through life, associated with hair follicles (armpits, groin, around nipples) |
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| secretion = sweat plus oil and cellular debris |
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| respond to pain,fear,emotional stress and sexual arousal. secretions include pheromones |
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| communication chemicals for same species, oppostie sex |
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| modified sweat glands that secrete cerumen (earwax) located in the external ear canal |
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| modified sweat glands that secrete milk |
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| vital because heat affects the rate of metabolic reactions. |
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Definition
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| normal body temp of deeper parts is close to a set point |
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Definition
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| is a by-product of cellular respiration |
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| when the body temp. _____ more blood enters dermal blood vessels, and the skin reddens |
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Definition
| radiation, cunduction, convection, evaoration |
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| most heat is lost as this |
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Definition
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| infrared heat escaped from warmer surgace (the blood) to cooler surroundings ( the environment) |
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Definition
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| when heat moves form the body directly to molecules of a cooler object (by physical contact) |
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| the reason the seat you sit in is warm when you get up |
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| heat is lost through the circulation of heated air particles |
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| increases as air movement increases; that is why you get cooler when a fan is on |
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Definition
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| sweat is released across the surface of the skin, it changes from a liquid to a gas and carries heat away from the skin |
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Definition
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| if heat increases our sweating increases, so we lose more heat by _______ the sweat on our skin |
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Definition
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| when body temp drops bellow normal, the _______ signals for sweating to decrease, dermal blood vessels constrict usually this brings our body back to normal |
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Definition
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| when body temp continues to drop, skeletel muscles __________ ______ |
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Definition
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| hypothermia is lowered by _____ |
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Definition
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| all humans have about the same concentration of _____ |
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Definition
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| skin color is largely due to the amount of _______ in the skin |
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Definition
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| each person inherits genes for _______ ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ _____ is due to genes that cause large amounts of melanin to be produced; ____ _____ is due to genes that cause less melanin to form |
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Definition
| darker skin, lighter skin |
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Term
| ______ genes may cause a lack of melanin in hte skin |
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Definition
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| _____ is a lack of melanin |
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Definition
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| environments factors (uv rays, chemicals, drugs) |
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Definition
| affect melanin by affecting gene expression |
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| environmental factors _____ existing melanin and _______ additional melanin production |
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Definition
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